BEIJING, Oct. 30 (Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Yiguan) Toothpaste is a necessity in life, but recently many people have found that toothpaste sold in supermarkets is becoming more and more expensive. "I remember that in the past, the most expensive toothpaste was only a dozen or twenty pieces. Now the toothpaste is generally twenty or thirty pieces." Some consumers spit.

　　Why did two or three yuan toothpaste disappear?

　　It costs twenty or thirty yuan, but toothpaste under ten yuan is hard to find.

　　Regarding the rising price of toothpaste, Xiao Ni, a consumer who recently went shopping in the supermarket, has a deep understanding.

　　"Looking around, most of them are toothpaste of twenty or thirty yuan, and the better ones are thirty or forty yuan. The cheapest Crest salt white toothpaste also needs 6.9 yuan, and the price is too outrageous."

　　As Xiao Ni said, recently, Sino-Singapore financial reporters visited a number of supermarkets, and the price of toothpaste was generally above that of 10 yuan. Among them, the range from 15 yuan to 40 yuan was relatively concentrated, and the price of a few brands of toothpaste such as Shushida could reach above 40 yuan, while only two or three models were below 10 yuan.

　　This is also consistent with the data of the offline research of Ai Media Consulting. According to previous research, among the 40 or 50 kinds of toothpaste sold by large supermarkets, the price of a toothpaste is 10-mdash; 20 yuan accounts for 60%, 20 yuan or above accounts for 35%, and there are only two or three kinds below 10 yuan.

　　In addition to the disappearance of low-priced toothpaste on supermarket shelves, many consumers have also found that the price of some toothpaste has doubled.

　　"This cold sour toothpaste is now selling for 7.58 yuan. I remember that it only costs two or three yuan; Chinese toothpaste, which once cost a few dollars, is now ‘ Upgrade ’ Later, it was also sold to 20 yuan. " Xiao Ni mentioned.

　　According to Huaxi Securities Research Report, the average price data of ordinary toothpaste of about 120g released by the National Development and Reform Commission showed that its price increased from 8.38 yuan/box on June 30, 2015 to 10.61 yuan/box on February 28, 2021, and the overall price of the industry showed an upward trend. This also proves that the price increase of toothpaste is not "somatosensory".

　　Why is toothpaste more expensive?

　　Toothpaste, which used to cost tens of dollars, was called "Hermes" in the toothpaste industry. Nowadays, the average person in the toothpaste industry is "Hermes". What caused the toothpaste to become more and more expensive?

　　Many people may consider the cost factor. According to national standards, toothpaste is mainly composed of friction agent, humectant, thickener, foaming agent, fragrance, water and other additives. Although corresponding effective ingredients will be added based on different efficacy, according to published data, the production cost of raw materials is relatively low.

　　Dengkang Dental owns brands such as Lengsuanling, and its prospectus shows that from 2019 to 2021, the unit cost of the company’s adult toothpaste was 1.53 yuan, 1.47 yuan and 1.50 yuan respectively.

　　Screenshot from Dengkang Dental Prospectus.

　　Although the unit cost remained stable, its sales unit price increased year after year, driving the gross profit margin to increase year by year.

　　In this regard, Denkang Dental said that the company has grasped the trend of consumption upgrading, complied with the development direction of diversified demand for toothpaste and high-end products, continuously carried out research and development upgrades on the basis of existing products, and continuously expanded its market share in mid-to high-end adult toothpaste. The unit price of product sales has increased year by year.

　　Denkang’s remarks also unveiled the tip of the iceberg of toothpaste brand collective "momentum".

　　In recent years, toothpaste enterprises are addicted to product upgrading, promoting whitening, anti-allergy, anti-sugar, refreshing breath and other effects by adding enzymes, probiotics, hyaluronic acid, amino acids and other ingredients, and even refining the use scenarios, on the one hand, catering to consumers’ demand for toothpaste functionality, on the other hand, because there is huge profit space behind all kinds of "gimmicks".

　　All along, the toothpaste market is in a fierce competition situation. At one time, the domestic toothpaste market was occupied by two-faced needles and cold acid spirit. Later, foreign-funded enterprises poured in. Under the circumstance of "attacking the city slightly", the industry once fought a price war, coupled with the rising price of raw materials, the gross profit margin continued to decline. The sudden emergence of functional toothpaste such as Yunnan Baiyao has enabled the industry to find a "wealth password".

　　"As a result, toothpaste companies have stopped producing traditional toothpastes that don’t make money and started to focus on functional toothpastes. The pricing of functional toothpastes far exceeds that of traditional toothpastes before, so that many toothpaste manufacturers introduce a new efficacy every once in a while, and then mention a price by the way. In this case, it is a natural trend for toothpaste to become more expensive. " Jiang Yan, a senior researcher at Pangu think tank, believes.

　　With the continuous "upgrade" of products, we still need to make great efforts to carry out marketing, and please all the stars to speak for us. From the research report of toothpaste listed companies, the sales cost of toothpaste has been rising all the way. These marketing costs ultimately require consumers to "pay the bill".

　　Can you still buy cheap toothpaste?

　　During the reporter’s visit to the supermarket, a male customer was shopping for toothpaste. After looking at the price, he chose the favorite one between the two toothpaste with the lowest price. At the same time, the reporter noticed that the special price of Shuke baking soda toothpaste in 10 yuan in a supermarket in Beijing was sold to only one.

　　The demand for low-priced toothpaste is still strong. Nowadays, the price of toothpaste is tens of yuan, which also makes many netizens miss the days when they bought a toothpaste for two or three yuan. Where did the cheap toothpaste go?

　　The reporter’s online search found that domestic old-fashioned toothpastes such as Baiyu and Tianqi are still on sale, and the price of a single one is mostly below 10 yuan; A Crest toothpaste with strong roots and strong teeth is sold at a high price only in 4.5 yuan. In addition, some unknown brands of toothpaste are also cheaper.

　　People who stay in the hotel will find that toothpaste, such as double-sided needles, which we are familiar with, frequently appears in disposable articles in the hotel. But these low-priced products are hard to appear on supermarket shelves.

　　Jiang Han said that for most supermarkets, the cost of each shelf is basically fixed, and the cost of selling various toothpaste products is similar. Therefore, toothpaste with higher profit level is often more attractive to supermarkets, and more and more supermarkets tend to sell high-priced toothpaste.

　　Xiao Ni once mentioned that low-priced toothpaste is mostly displayed on the lower shelf. This is also consistent with what the reporter observed in some supermarkets.

　　With the increasing "efficacy" of toothpaste, the publicity is increasingly "cosmetic" and the industry supervision is also improving.

　　The Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Toothpaste issued by the State Administration of Market Supervision this year clearly stipulates that toothpaste shall be put on record, and the toothpaste filer shall be responsible for the quality, safety and efficacy of toothpaste. In the industry’s view, after the implementation of the "Measures", it may be possible to publicize the efficacy of various toothpastes to "lower the fire". (End)

Jing Jing Xin Fa [2024] No.22

All relevant units:

　　The "Beijing Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of Information Software Industry Innovation and Development Highland" is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

Beijing Bureau of Economy and Information Technology　　　　

April 19, 2024　　

　　(This piece is publicly released)

Beijing’s Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of Information Software Industry to Innovate and Develop Highlands

　　At present, the big model of artificial intelligence and the dual-core drive of new production factors of data, combined with multiple factors such as Internet technology innovation, the emergence of new hardware iterations, and the close integration of finance and information, jointly promote the reshaping of the global information software industry. In order to seize the opportunity of industrial transformation and accelerate the construction of a highland for innovation and development of the information software industry, this action plan is formulated.

　　I. General requirements

　　Accurately grasp the development trend of the information software industry, adhere to the comprehensive system concept, take the global competition as the guide, fully embrace the big model, ensure the safety of the industrial chain, seize the development opportunities of new formats, build a new data-driven mechanism, strengthen international expansion, promote regional synergy, create an open and inclusive new situation of high-quality development of the information software industry, and strongly support the construction of a global digital economy benchmark city.

　　Innovation leads. Take technological innovation as the starting point of high-quality industrial development, give full play to the leading role of disruptive technologies and cutting-edge innovations in new industries, new formats, new products and new models, and accelerate iteration to form new quality productivity of information software industry.

　　Prospective layout. Facing the future, lay out the key nodes of the information software industry, strengthen the overall judgment of the global industrial development trend, identify the key technologies that may cause industrial changes, clarify the strategic objectives, key areas and key paths of industrial development, appropriately lay out industrial infrastructure in advance, and do a good job in industrial risk assessment.

　　High-end intelligence. Continuously improve the technical level of the industry, iteratively optimize the service value, and promote the industry to continue to move towards the high-end link of the value chain. We will continue to promote the high-end intelligent development of the industry, use information software technology to empower the manufacturing industry to "change intelligence into digital transformation", promote the supply of high-quality digital consumption, and effectively improve the level of industrial intelligence.

　　Data driven. Promote the application of data elements and industrialization, and improve data development tools and infrastructure. Explore the data entry mechanism to form a closed loop of data production and consumption. Use data to improve the level of intelligence in the industry, promote a substantial increase in production efficiency, and optimize social governance capabilities.

　　Global governance. Integrate into the innovation and application ecology of the global information software industry, adhere to the principle of improving science and technology, consolidate the industrial safety base, explore the governance and supervision system suitable for emerging technologies, actively participate in international open source governance, and comprehensively shape the expected stable and good innovation environment.

　　Second, the main objectives

　　By 2027, the operating income of Beijing’s information software industry will reach 4.8 trillion yuan. There are not less than 4 information software enterprises with a level of 100 billion and not less than 35 information software enterprises with a level of 10 billion. Cultivate world-class information software enterprises and build an internationally competitive information software industry cluster.

　　-The applied ecology of large-scale models has taken initial shape. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) technology has reached the international leading level, and about 20 internationally competitive software Agents and industry models have been formed in 10 fields, including education, medical care, science and technology, culture, finance, telecommunications, transportation, automobiles, semiconductors and urban governance, and agent and industry model application stores have been built. Build the leading cloud computing infrastructure of model as a service in China. Set up about 10 artificial intelligence scene application laboratories and build an artificial intelligence open source community with extensive participation of international developers.

　　-comprehensive reconstruction of key software. Basic software, industrial software and network security software are upgraded by using large models. The performance of key products has reached the international advanced level, and the user experience has been significantly improved. 30% of key software enterprises above designated size launch software products that integrate large model capabilities, and key software enterprises introduce large model-aided programming development paradigm.

　　-New software formats have emerged. The layout adapts to new hardware products such as body intelligence, XR head display, vehicle terminal, intelligent computer (AIPC) and key software of the terminal. Cultivate more than 10 enterprises with revenues exceeding 1 billion yuan in the field of digital people, digital space and digital goods, and create about 10 information consumption experience points such as business districts, blocks, cultural attractions and stadiums in the meta-universe.

　　-data governance capabilities have improved. Explore several new formats, cultivate more than 1,000 models and 100 service providers, promote the integration of several products into the manufacturing process, and build several production bases in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

　　-the global competitiveness of the industry has been significantly improved. Cultivate more than 50 overseas software explosions in cross-border e-commerce, short videos, games and other fields, and promote Beijing enterprises to participate in the construction of global information projects. Promote Beijing enterprises to join international open source organizations, contribute about 10 world-renowned open source software, and cultivate more than 20 benchmark enterprises for commercial R&D of open source projects.

　　Third, key tasks

　　(A) fully embrace the big model

　　1. Cultivate large-scale model application ecology

　　Improve the theoretical research and engineering capabilities of large models, explore the cutting-edge technologies of artificial general intelligence (AGI), and support large model tools such as content generation (AIGC), retrieval enhanced generation (RAG), content security identification of artificial intelligence, deep learning framework, vector database, and artificial intelligence-aided programming. Build a large model native software application store, including agents and industry models in education, medical care, science and technology, culture, finance, telecommunications, transportation, automobiles, semiconductors, urban governance and other fields. Build a large-scale model safety shooting range, and organize the establishment of a large-scale model performance and safety rating and evaluation mechanism.

　　2. Building a model as a service cloud computing infrastructure

　　Encourage enterprises to build a service cloud computing platform that covers the functions of model selection, code hosting, data supply, parameter fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, prompt engineering, semantic engineering, model deployment, operation monitoring, model governance, model security, etc. Support cloud computing platforms to carry out business docking with user units, and promote government platforms such as Jingtong, Beijing Office and Jingzhi to adopt large-scale cloud computing services. With the goal of building a single Wanka intelligent computing center, the key technologies of cloud computing, such as computing chip, high-performance communication, scheduling system and container arrangement, are organized to master the ability of super-large-scale artificial intelligence infrastructure construction.

　　3. Promote the landing of large model scenes

　　Support the construction of artificial intelligence scene application laboratories in the fields of education, medical care, science and technology, culture, finance, government affairs, industry, energy, biomedicine, etc., and create demonstration scene landing projects. Encourage primary and secondary schools to connect with large model enterprises, train teachers’ vertical models and agent applications around specific subjects, provide students with personalized, high-quality, low-cost and convenient auxiliary teaching services, and reduce teachers’ teaching workload. Strengthen the collaborative innovation of general large model and medical vertical model, and explore the auxiliary diagnosis ability of artificial intelligence for professional diseases in specialized hospitals; Using internet hospitals to explore large-scale model guidance and consultation services. Set up a large model to assist scientific research projects of basic disciplines, and lay out the research system of AI for Science. Relying on the strategy of cultural digitalization, the technology of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AIGC) is used to improve the efficiency of digital innovation of cultural products. Promote large-scale models to improve the performance of financial technology and strengthen the ability of safety supervision. Provide convenient government services such as policy interpretation, rule consultation, work guide and official document writing based on big model technology. Using the large model to continuously optimize the robot’s ability to handle complex tasks, and promote the deep integration of robot and intelligent large model with body. Support the development of small and medium-sized enterprise model training, study tours and other activities.

　　(2) Build a solid foundation for key technologies.

　　4. Improve the quality of basic software

　　Encourage leading enterprises and management departments in the industry to be the chain owners of the industrial chain, and optimize the performance of basic software such as operating system, database and middleware by using the method of chain owners giving questions and enterprises answering questions. Accelerate the iterative efficiency of basic software, promote the new paradigm of large model-aided programming, support enterprises to use large models to develop software tools such as software and hardware adaptation, code migration, operation and maintenance management, and low-code development, and build a research and development system for the safe linkage between large model public cloud and enterprise private domain code base. Improve the usability of basic software, seize the new track of large model based on domestic operating system, and encourage the layout to develop artificial intelligence native software such as intelligent operating system, intelligent assistant, intelligent office and intelligent entertainment. Support domestic enterprises to cooperate with international leading large-scale model and basic software enterprises, promote technology linkage, accelerate product innovation, and achieve a win-win situation in the industry.

　　5. Consolidate the foundation of industrial software

　　Accelerate the convergence of industrial software data, promote the intelligent upgrade of industry users and manufacturing enterprises, promote the deepening application of industrial Internet, and accelerate the automatic data collection. Support the transformation of massive and fragmented industrial knowledge and experience into industrial software models and cultivate industrial knowledge processing enterprises. Strengthen the collaborative research and development of industrial software, support Beijing industrial software enterprises to tackle key problems in pairs with global industry users, and redevelop industrial software such as industrial operating system, CAD, CAE, EDA, PLC, DCS, ERP, PDM, MOM, PLM by using big model technology.

　　6. Tackling new network security software

　　Support the establishment of a large-scale network security laboratory, tackle key problems of artificial intelligence full-stack network software and systems, actively respond to new threats such as large-scale production viruses and ransomware, and improve the automation level and traceability of actual combat attack and defense. Strengthen the offensive and defensive drills of key information infrastructures such as finance, telecommunications and energy. Build an open source security detection platform for Xinchuang, and carry out security risk detection for Xinchuang products and open source codes. Promote the preparation of network security standards for new hardware terminal equipment such as self-driving cars and industrial equipment. Organize cyber security attack and defense competitions to attract internationally renowned cyber security events to be held in Beijing. Carry out network security insurance pilots to guide users to purchase independent innovation network security software.

　　(C) seize the opportunity to cultivate new formats

　　7. Layout new software with software and hardware cooperation.

　　For new terminals such as personal intelligence, XR equipment, intelligent computers, vehicle-mounted terminals, and Internet of Things equipment, we will guide the collaborative innovation of software and hardware. Forward-looking layout with intelligence, strengthen the docking of artificial intelligence enterprises with robots and major equipment manufacturing enterprises. The key technologies, such as space computing and content rendering, are organized by the way of equipment manufacturers issuing questions and enterprises revealing lists. Take the head PC manufacturer as the chain owner, promote the innovation of chip instruction set, promote the adaptation and optimization of new chips, motherboards and other hardware, and support the research and development of new software such as agent operating system and PC-side intelligent applications. Organize car companies and information software companies to tackle key problems in pairs, strengthen the integration and innovation of car-level chips, on-board software and large-scale model technology, promote the landing of autonomous driving middleware, accelerate the boarding of intelligent interface software, and develop large-scale model development tools for car software. Establish technical standards for interconnection of IOT devices, support the open source of the underlying IOT operating system, and develop software middleware by combining high-end sensors, IOT chips, new short-distance communication, high-precision positioning and other devices. Plan and organize research on the operating system kernel, compiler and other underlying software of RISC-V chip in advance to realize the synchronization of chip development and software iteration.

　　8. Develop new Internet 3.0 formats.

　　Relying on the industrial innovation center and other institutions to issue cross-platform and cross-terminal digital content interconnection technical standards, digital content such as digital people and digital goods can be reused and re-created between different platforms such as the virtual space of the meta-universe and XR terminals. Establish a service platform for digital people, explore the rules of digital people’s application, circulation, transaction and copyright protection, carry out classification and evaluation of digital people, and build a digital content warehouse with rich quantity and good circulation. Support around the light field, moving capture, XR studio and other large-scale devices and equipment, supporting the functions of deposit, display, new product release, investment and financing, building an Internet 3.0 enterprise innovation incubator cluster and building a benchmark digital human base. Encourage the use of metacosmic technology to enhance the service experience of offline places such as business districts, scenic spots, museums, sports venues and industrial sites, and adopt the model of "front store and back factory" to cultivate a number of content creation enterprises around the offline metacosmic experience scene. Encourage leading enterprises in sub-sectors such as electronics, automobiles, petrochemicals, aviation, metallurgy and urban construction to take the lead in exploring industrial metacosmic solutions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

　　9. Improve the governance capacity of the Internet platform.

　　Promote the steady development of the Internet platform, promote the improvement of science and technology, protect users’ privacy, and create a good environment for innovation. Support platform enterprises to give full play to their technological advantages and carry out hard science and technology innovation for key software and emerging fields. Optimize the coordination mechanism of management departments, and strengthen the exploration, trial, pilot verification and popularization of new technologies and new formats. Explore the construction of a domestic "regulatory sandbox" environment and build a data flow regulatory sandbox.

　　(D) Explore new data-driven mechanisms

　　10. Foresight leads several innovations.

　　Several pieces are new software based on data independent decision-making. Strengthen the insight and judgment on the new form of data application, and actively explore several standards, development processes, safety specifications and quality evaluation systems. Encourage Beijing’s data-dominant industries such as education, medical care, scientific research, culture and finance, as well as key manufacturing industries such as electronics, automobiles, equipment, biomedicine and materials, and process data such as industry knowledge, expert experience and industrial mechanism models into several pieces through large-scale model training and software programming. Encourage research on data identification and compliance technologies such as data consanguinity analysis and automatic content identification (ACR). Build several cloud service platforms covering several functions such as distribution, code management, online simulation verification and security vulnerability scanning.

　　11. Cultivate several pieces of applied ecology.

　　Support the research and development of several underlying systems for industry scenarios, accelerate the integration of several pieces into the production process, promote the digitalization and intelligent upgrade of the production process, and realize flexible production mode. Mining several application cases in the fields of education, medical care, scientific research, culture, finance and manufacturing. Strengthen the convergence of several cities, build a city-wide awareness communication network, and build a city-level data production network system with global influence. Encourage traditional software enterprises and system integrators to transform into several pieces of service providers, cultivate a group of technical and service-oriented data service enterprises with international vision, and build several pieces of production bases in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　(V) Promoting the global distribution of China software.

　　12. Support domestic software to go international.

　　Encourage the internationalization of software, adopt overseas market classification strategy, deploy cross-border internet applications such as e-commerce, short plays, videos and games in Europe, America and Southeast Asia, and export overall information solutions to Europe and Asia. Organize information software enterprises to cooperate with cross-border cloud computing service providers and internet platforms to reduce the cost and technical threshold for enterprises to go to sea. Encourage enterprises to build overseas R&D centers and public service platforms. Relying on professional organizations and alliances, we will improve the cross-border consulting service system and actively provide services such as laws and regulations, cross-border payment, data security, privacy protection, market access, overseas market environment assessment, and market risk early warning. With the help of overseas exchange platforms such as the global digital economy conference, we will promote domestic high-quality software. Explore the establishment of software industry incubation bases and industrial investment funds with international sister cities. Continue to optimize the network environment, strengthen technical exchanges at home and abroad, and explore the cross-border flow of data.

　　13. Participate in global open source governance.

　　Strengthen cooperation and exchanges with international open source organizations, encourage enterprises, institutions and experts to participate in global open source organizations, attract internationally renowned open source activities and conferences to Beijing, and cultivate professional domestic open source community operation teams. Encourage leading enterprises to release full-stack open source solutions covering basic software, application software and hardware facilities. Support enterprises to carry out commercial secondary development around open source software and cultivate open source software commercialization enterprises. Use blockchain, smart contracts and other technologies to explore a new revenue sharing mechanism for open source software and attract global talents to participate in Beijing’s open source solution innovation. Strengthen the protection of open source intellectual property rights, promote the formulation of software bill of materials (SBOM) standards, and develop software tools such as traceability, quality control and safety analysis of open source software. Promote open source products and activities into the campus.

　　(VI) Deepening inter-regional coordination and linkage.

　　14. Continue to strengthen cooperation between the central and local governments.

　　Strengthen cooperation between ministries and cities, and actively strive for major national software tasks, projects and projects to land in Beijing. Give full play to the respective advantages of central enterprises and local governments, promote regional coordinated development, implement major regional strategies, support large and medium-sized central enterprises as the main enterprises in the industrial chain, actively open their own scenarios, and jointly promote the iterative upgrade of the whole chain of software in sub-sectors with information software enterprises.

　　15. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

　　Expand the information software industry sector in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and build an emerging software industry ecosystem with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cooperation around new software fields such as large models and several pieces. Improve the supply level of network security capabilities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and promote the construction of network security industry clusters. Relying on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Industrial Internet Collaborative Development Demonstration Zone, we will accelerate the innovation and development of industrial Internet and build a demonstration project for the integration and development of industrial Internet. Actively deploy the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Digital Transformation Promotion Center to promote the digital transformation and high-quality development of key industries in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　Fourth, safeguard measures

　　(A) to strengthen overall coordination

　　Establish a joint working mechanism with the participation of relevant municipal departments and district governments, coordinate and solve major problems across fields, departments and regions, increase the promotion of major projects, and refine the task list and time nodes. Invite leaders of head enterprises, research institutes and think tank experts to set up software industry think tanks. Give play to the role of industry associations and industry alliances as bridges and ties, and promote all parties concerned to build consensus and strengthen joint efforts.

　　(2) Do a good job in ensuring talent funds.

　　Actively introduce leading software talents at home and abroad. Relying on the institutions in Beijing, such as the characteristic model software college, the State Key Laboratory, the National Manufacturing Innovation Center, and the Engineering Research Center, we will promote the integration of production and education, science and education, and accelerate the training of talents such as large models, key software, and software internationalization. Make good use of the information industry development fund, focusing on industrial internet, network security and innovation, Beidou, Internet 3.0 and other fields. Strengthen the cultivation of waist enterprises, encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to actively integrate into the development of sub-industrial chains, and support unicorn enterprises, single champion enterprises and "little giant" enterprises specializing in special innovation in the software field to be listed on the New Third Board and the North Stock Exchange.

　　(C) Optimize the industrial spatial layout

　　Support Zhongguancun Software Park to continue to build a national software park benchmark, and promote Xinchuang Park in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone to create a national software park. Promote the construction of a national cyber security industrial park and build a cyber security barrier. Strive for a national data security industrial park and improve the supply capacity of the data security industry. Construction of "Industrial Internet, Shunyi District, Haidian District, Chaoyang District, Shijingshan District, Beijing" national new industrialized industrial demonstration base. Create "maliandao Tea China Data Street" and build a highland of data industry. Accelerate the cultivation of digital people industry and do a good job in the operation of digital people innovation base. Strive for a national-level meta-cosmic industry pilot zone and explore the construction of an Internet 3.0 demonstration zone.

　　CCTV News:This year, the number of college graduates nationwide reached 9.09 million, a record high. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that it should improve the quality of employment services, strengthen key assistance, provide good services for college graduates, undertake various measures to ensure employment, and vigorously support graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship. According to the survey of Young People’s New Career Guide, more than 50% of young people want to try a new career, and nearly 20% have started to engage in related occupations. In the graduation season, what role does the new occupation play in attracting college students’ employment? Come and watch the news observation.

　　The data shows that there are 9.09 million college graduates nationwide this year, an increase of 350,000 over last year, reaching a new record high. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that it will continue to take a number of measures to implement the "package office" for graduate employment policy, speed up the implementation of social security subsidies, training subsidies and other policies, and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to absorb more graduates’ employment.

　　In March this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other three departments jointly released 18 new jobs, including integrated circuit engineering and technical personnel, enterprise compliance engineer and beverage mixer. At present, 56 new occupations have been announced in China, including a number of new occupations with high technical content and high skill requirements brought about by the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, such as industrial robot system operators, quantum algorithm engineer, etc., as well as digital managers, all-media operators, internet marketers and so on.

　　The popularity of new formats such as short video, live broadcast and online retail has also spawned a large number of entrepreneurial employment opportunities, indirectly driving a variety of new employment forms in the upstream and downstream industrial chains. A social media platform drives more than 36 million direct and indirect employment opportunities a year.

　　The employment prospects of new occupations are broad. The Development Report of Online Learning Platform for New Occupations issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shows that the demand for new occupations is huge in the next five years. It is estimated that there will be nearly 1.5 million cloud computing engineers, nearly 5 million Internet of Things installers, nearly 1 million drone drivers, nearly 1.5 million agricultural managers, nearly 5 million artificial intelligence talents, nearly 1.3 million building information model technicians, and 1.25 million industrial robot system operators and operators.

　　Research shows that "post-80s" and "post-90s" are the main force of new occupations. Experts say that it is very important to strengthen skills training in order to make new careers a new stage for college students to choose jobs. In July, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security launched the "Online Learning Platform for New Occupations Version 3.0", and recently announced that "Skills China Action" will be organized during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, and efforts will be made to increase skilled talents.

A giant Chinese sturgeon specimen is now on display at the Biological Museum of Nanchang University. Courtesy of Nanchang University Archives

1986年，邓宗觉教授（右一）陪同外国学者考察鄱阳湖鸟类。 南昌大学档案馆供图

　　Archive story 70 years of glorious history 70 years of unforgettable memories

　　One morning in 1952, Deng Zongjue, who was shopping at the Zhongshan Road vegetable market in Nanchang, saw a fishmonger selling a huge fish. Since it was nearly two meters long and no one wanted it for a while, the fishmonger decided to divide the fish into several pieces and sell it. Due to professional sensitivity, Deng Zongjue quickly stopped it, paid a "huge amount" of 100 yuan to buy the fish back, and made it into a specimen in the laboratory. This is the "treasure of the town hall" now on display in the Biological Museum of Nanchang University – the giant Chinese sturgeon specimen.

　　The Chinese sturgeon and dinosaurs lived in the same period and were called "living fossils" in water. It was an important reference for studying the evolution of fish. It had important scientific value and incalculable ecological, social and economic value in the study of biological evolution traces, geology, landforms and other aspects of earth changes. However, due to human factors such as hydropower projects, water pollution, mechanical trauma, and overfishing, the wild Chinese sturgeon was in danger of extinction.

　　Deng Zongjue, a professor of biology at Nanchang University, has been teaching at the school since 1949. The specimen he found of the Chinese sturgeon is of great significance. It reflects the survival status of the Chinese sturgeon in the wild at that time, the population status and the ecological environment of the Yangtze River, which is conducive to human scientific research, experimental teaching and species protection.

　　这尾中华鲟标本的出现，无疑给当时生物系的教学带来了“惊鸿一瞥”，为人类对中华鲟的科学研究奉献了一组组生动具体的数据，更为之后制作各类动植物标本提供了实践经验。当年生物系师资力量虽然严重不足，但邓宗觉克服重重困难，一边制定教案、寻找标本，一边努力培养生物科学的好苗子，南昌大学生物系也随之不断发展壮大。

　　在邓宗觉的坚持和带领下，他和他的学生们将鄱阳湖里的其他鱼类标本基本收集齐全了，为出版《江西鄱阳湖鱼类志》奠定了坚实基础。

　　邓宗觉一直奋斗在南昌大学生物系教学第一线，教龄62年。在科研上，他也硕果累累，在国内首次选育成功了淡水鱼类新品种，建立了原种场，提供杂交用原种，获江西省科技成果二等奖，1981年获国家水产总局技术改进一等奖。他还参加鄱阳湖综合考察的治理研究，获1990年度国家科技进步一等奖；参加完成国家“七五”攻关项目《兴国红鲤人工生态库的设计与建设》；主持完成国家科委的120万亩池塘养殖高产模式化推广研究，获1991年江西省教委颁发的科技兴农先进个人奖。

　　积沙成塔，集腋成裘，2006年对外开放的南昌大学生物博物馆，有相当数量的国家一级、二级保护动植物以及珍稀物种标本，如国家一级保护动物灵猫、中华鲟、华南虎、白鳍豚、金丝猴等，这些标本尤为珍贵。诸多馆藏动物标本都是由邓宗觉和他的学生们在野外采集并亲手制作而成。在这里，中华鲟标本和其他珍贵标本，不仅给人们提供了科学研究价值，更似乎在提醒人们这些是濒临灭绝的或已经灭绝的生物，激发了人们尊重自然、热爱生命、保护环境的责任感和使命感。（钟昕）

　 　 　 　As a youth-oriented industry, the actress at this age (24 years old) of Nagata has already needed to consider pulling out. In the past, these retired AV actresses either stayed at home and taught their children, or completely lost their news, thus achieving a real retirement.

　 　 　 　It’s ok to continue in the AV business, and some people choose to go behind the scenes and become makeup artists. After all, as an old-timer, my skills in all aspects are always better than those of my younger generation.

　 　 　 　At the beginning, there was a female group named "Ebisu Muscats" that attracted attention. All the members of the group were retired AV actresses, nightclub publicists and so on. After packaging, they made various variety shows and performances together.

　 　 　 　Up to now, this women’s group has changed many groups of members. Even if the new members don’t look so familiar, if you search its information, you will surely see many "old acquaintances" among the past members.

　 　 　 　Of course, when it comes to the transformation of actresses, Kirara Asuka is bound to be an unavoidable topic. After retiring early, she not only invested in a beauty shop, but also did a great job in designing swimwear and underwear. Even in August last year, Teacher Tomorrow Flower’s hotel was opened.

　 　 　 　Perhaps no one could have thought that this former top actress had such a strong talent in business.

　 　 　 　However, the above paths are either not easy or not so comfortable. Some people are as prosperous as Kirara Asuka, but some people also lose their wives’ money when they start a business. Ueharaai, another well-known actress, chose a business that is comfortable and can make quick money — — Speculate virtual currency.

　 　 　 　Not only do I share my experience with netizens on Twitter every day, but I also believe that it will rise with confidence, and then there is the leek behavior of "others are afraid that I am crazy, and others will clear their positions and I will add positions". As for what the virtual currency market is like recently, I think most of your friends have heard of it.

　 　 　 　Incidentally, Ueharaai, who lost all his wife, was forced to "make a comeback" earlier this year (but it seems that she only performed offline).

　 　 　 　It is under the influence of the general environment that "online celebrity", a glamorous and comfortable job with almost zero cost, may become the home of more and more female talents.

　 　 　 　It’s just like the "most popular actress" list published every year. The popularity of social platforms is also the embodiment of these teachers’ achievements in another field. The success of Kirara Asuka and Shentian’s praise of beauty undoubtedly tells the outside world that there are always two brushes to achieve top flow in one line.

　　Under the background of deepening reform in an all-round way, carrying out the innovation-driven development strategy in depth and China’s economy entering a new normal, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and a new wave of innovation and entrepreneurship is surging in China, providing sustained impetus for China’s economic development.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference held in May 2016 that science and technology are the sharp weapon of the country, and the country relies on it to be strong, enterprises rely on it to win, and people’s lives depend on it to be good. China is strong, China people’s lives are better, and we must have strong science and technology. The new era, new situation and new tasks require us to have new ideas, new designs and new strategies in scientific and technological innovation.

　　"The stable recovery of the world economy depends on innovation, and the upgrading of China’s economy depends on innovation." Premier Li Keqiang emphasized innovation at the Eighth Summer Davos Forum in 2014, and put forward "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" for the first time. Since then, he has frequently explained this keyword on various occasions. As the key work in 2016, the Government Work Report clearly puts forward that the multiplier effect of mass entrepreneurship, innovation and "internet plus" should be brought into play, and a platform of mass creation, crowdsourcing, public support and crowdfunding should be built, and a new entrepreneurial innovation mechanism should be built with the cooperation of large, medium and small enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions and makers.

　　Technological innovation and entrepreneurship are changing life, and they are also affecting China. At present, a new round of scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship is becoming a new engine for steady growth, promoting reform and restructuring, and a new kinetic energy for benefiting people’s livelihood, ensuring employment and promoting development.

　　The explosive growth of science and technology start-ups

　　Beijing, Zhongguancun Software Park, Didi Office Building.

　　A few days ago, our reporter came to Didi’s Beijing headquarters and felt the growth story of a company that changed the traditional mode of transportation by using the home Internet and was rated as one of the top 50 innovative enterprises in the world by MIT Science and Technology Review.

　　Back in early 2012, 29-year-old Cheng Wei was brewing a business. He believes that the Internet has fully entered the life field represented by food, clothing, housing and transportation, and "clothing, food and shelter" has a relatively mature operating model, while "travel" seems to have not. At that time, he lived in the northern suburb of Hangzhou, and he traveled every day or took the bus, subway or stood on the side of the road waving for a taxi. Combined with his own personal experience, he began to think about whether there is a way to "move" taxis to the Internet, so that people who want to take taxis know where the taxis are and drivers know where the passengers are, thus solving the problem of information asymmetry and making people’s travel more convenient.

　　With the continuous maturity of ideas, Cheng Wei and his friends Wu Rui and Li Xiang, who have always dreamed of starting a business, founded Xiaoju Technology Co., Ltd. in Beijing in June 2012, and launched mobile phone car calling software — — Didi taxi APP. In that year, they ran through more than 100 taxi companies in Beijing, and they also insisted on installing Didi taxi APP for more than 10 thousand taxi drivers at Beijing West Railway Station. People gradually find that taking a taxi with this small APP is convenient for both drivers and passengers.

　　After that, in just four years, the integration of technology, capital and talents accelerated. Today, Didi has provided comprehensive travel services for nearly 300 million users in more than 400 cities around the world, such as taxi calling, express train, hitchhiking, driving, test drive, public transportation, online car rental and enterprise-level services, and adopted cloud computing to design a new hierarchical architecture for the business, which not only can accurately match the supply and demand information between passengers and online car, but also can guide vehicles to hot spots of travel demand through automatic early warning of the platform, thus alleviating the travel pressure.

　　With the rapid development of business, Didi has received nearly 8 billion US dollars in financing, becoming the second largest online trading platform in the world after Taobao and the largest one-stop diversified travel platform in the world. At the end of September 2016, the daily order of Didi Platform reached 20 million times.

　　It is undeniable that Didi’s sudden emergence is very important because it has grasped the opportunities for the development of cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet and cloud computing.

　　Science and technology entrepreneurship has promoted technological innovation and business model innovation. Correspondingly, the innovation of technology and business model has also brought infinite possibilities to entrepreneurship. Every technological progress will give birth to new entrepreneurial fields and new entrepreneurial enterprises.

　　In August 2011, a company focused on the research, development and operation of cloud computing business centered on data management — — Qi Niuyun was formally founded in Shanghai. Only one year later, Qiniuyun became the first team in China to conduct large-scale project research and development with GO language, and realized the core service of distributed object storage system based on GO. At present, Qi Niuyun has ranked first in the domestic cloud computing industry.

　　As a leading enterprise-level cloud service provider in China, Qiniu Cloud Service has more than 500,000 corporate customers, storing more than 200 billion files and 1 billion hours of video, with a cumulative capacity of more than 100PB, attracting many corporate customers such as SF Express, Netease and Meipai. Up to now, Qiniuyun has successively set up offices in Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and Chengdu, with nearly 500 employees, including more than 50% technicians.

　　According to reports, Qi Niuyun has always taken data as its core value, and continuously aggregates all kinds of data by providing an excellent cloud service platform, so that massive data can circulate. At the same time, Qi Niuyun is also committed to creating a scene PaaS to help developers shorten the distance from ideas to products. Around the rich media scene, Qi Niuyun has formed an ecological rich media cloud platform.

　　Nowadays, many enterprises like Didi and Qiniuyun are booming in China. These enterprises have transformed themselves into commercial society, accelerated the gathering of innovative elements such as talents, technology and capital, and also promoted technological innovation and enhanced social value invisibly.

　　The rapid development of these scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises is the epitome of the improving innovation and entrepreneurship environment in China, and it is the result of the country attaching great importance to economic development and social employment, actively encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship, and optimizing the innovation and entrepreneurship environment.

　　In recent years, China has accelerated the registration time of newly established enterprises, from the average of 26 days before the reform to 14 days, and will further shorten it to 3 days. In this context, the formation of innovative and entrepreneurial enterprise groups in China has been accelerated, and more and more people have invested in the tide of innovation and entrepreneurship, and the newly registered enterprises in various places have grown by spurt.

　　Relevant statistics show that in 2015, there were 4.439 million newly registered enterprises nationwide, an increase of 21.6% compared with 2014, and the registered capital (fund) was 29 trillion yuan, an increase of 52.2%, both of which reached new highs in the number of new registrations and the total registered capital (fund). In the first three quarters of 2016, the number of newly registered enterprises nationwide reached 4.01 million, with an average of 14,600 newly registered enterprises per day, higher than the average of 12,000 per day in 2015; The number of technology entrepreneurs of cloud computing services in China has increased from 2 million in 2015 to 2.9 million in October 2016 … … When time enters 2016, people see new data in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship and feel new leaps again and again.

　　With the gradual improvement of the business incubation environment, China’s entrepreneurial subject is moving from "minority" to "mass", and more and more post-90s youths regard entrepreneurship as their life ideal. More and more corporate executives, scientific and technological personnel and returned overseas talents are also actively involved in the entrepreneurial tide, forming the "New Fourth Army" of innovation and entrepreneurship in China.

　　The statistical data obtained from a previous survey conducted by relevant departments on the development of Beijing Zhongchuang Space also show that among the founders of the surveyed entrepreneurial enterprises, 38.4% are corporate executives, 22.2% are corporate technicians, 11.1% are returnees, 9.3% are successful entrepreneurs and 8.4% are college students & mdash; — The "New Fourth Army" has become the main force of innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　The rise of large enterprises supports the tide of innovation and entrepreneurship

　　18 years ago, Alibaba was a start-up; Eighteen years later, Alibaba has become a leading enterprise in the industry, and under the background of the country’s vigorous promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship, it has further exerted its comprehensive advantages in technology, capital, talents and market, adding fuel to the fire for innovation and entrepreneurship, which not only makes the enterprise grow continuously, but also promotes the sustainable development of China’s economy.

　　In August 2016, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Implementation Opinions on Building a Demonstration Base for Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation", and Alibaba Group was selected as the first batch of dual-innovation demonstration bases. According to reports, Alibaba will build 100 innovation centers, support millions of small and micro innovative entrepreneurs, build a campus post to support 10,000 student entrepreneurial teams, and create a free office communication and collaboration platform for "double innovation" enterprises.

　　At present, Alibaba has deployed 22 innovation centers across the country. In 2015, it supported 864 small and medium-sized enterprises, driving nearly 10,000 entrepreneurs. In the next two years, Alibaba Innovation Center will expand its operations to a total of 100, directly driving the coverage of 30,000 entrepreneurs.

　　There is a mobile office communication collaborative multi-terminal platform under Alibaba Group — — DingTalk. Since the platform was launched two years ago, it has served more than 2.4 million enterprises or organizations free of charge, which has enabled enterprises to enter the era of efficient mobile office, not only saving costs, but also improving work efficiency. On May 31, 2015, Nail officially launched the C++strategy, and at the same time invested 1 billion yuan in the first phase to establish the Nail Ecological Development Fund.

　　At present, cloud computing has become the infrastructure of global innovation. According to Ali Research Institute, 60% of entrepreneurs in Alibaba Cloud are starting their own businesses for the first time. After the start-up enterprises choose to adopt the public cloud platform, the calculation cost is reduced by 70% and the innovation efficiency is increased by as much as 300%.

　　Today’s Alibaba Cloud serves more than half of China’s technological unicorn enterprises. Statistics show that in 2015, Alibaba Cloud served 1.8 million technology entrepreneurs; As of October 2016, it has served 2.3 million technology entrepreneurs, accounting for about 80% of the country.

　　In addition, Alibaba Group will also integrate the operations of existing Yunqi Town, Alibaba Cloud Chuangke+and Ali Baichuan Incubation Base to create a unique "double innovation" support model for Alibaba — — "1+4+N" means a Alibaba Cloud Maker+platform, four kinds of Alibaba’s unique technology empowerment, traffic empowerment, talent empowerment, ecological empowerment, e-commerce O2O, cloud computing big data, intelligent hardware, B2B enterprise service SaaS, digital entertainment and other N incubation support themes.

　　Not only Alibaba, but also a number of leading enterprises in China are engaged in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship. Haier Group is striving to transform itself from a traditional manufacturing enterprise to an entrepreneurial platform, and to become a big incubator of "providing entrepreneurial services for employees" to maximize the value of employees’ innovation and entrepreneurship. On Haier’s entrepreneurial platform, there are only three types: platform owner, small micro-owner and maker. The platform owner is the platform manager, the small micro-owner is the person in charge, and the maker is the small micro-employee. As the basic unit of an enterprise, entrepreneurial micro-enterprises are independent operating entities, enjoying decision-making power, human rights and distribution rights.

　　Haier relies on its own superior resources to provide all-factor, all-process and all-life-cycle support for entrepreneurial micro-enterprises, including design and research and development, financing, sales network, human resources, legal affairs and financial services. Haier’s entrepreneurship platform consists of six sub-platforms: Maker Lab, Maker College, Maker Factory, Maker Service, Maker Finance and Maker Base, which realize the combination of innovation and entrepreneurship, online and offline, incubation and investment, and provide low-cost, convenient and all-factor open comprehensive entrepreneurial services for entrepreneurs.

　　It is understood that at present, more than 100 small and micro-enterprises on Haier’s entrepreneurial platform have earned more than 100 million yuan, 29 small and micro-enterprises have introduced venture capital, and 14 small and micro-enterprises have been valued at more than 100 million yuan. The whole platform has provided more than 1.3 million employment opportunities for the whole society.

　　The support of leading enterprises in the industry has facilitated the development of scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship, accelerated the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises, and the development of entrepreneurial enterprises has injected new vitality into leading enterprises. The two promote each other and jointly form a new wave of scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship in China, and China’s innovation power is also constantly improving.

　　According to statistics, in the first half of 2016, the number of invention patents granted in China reached 164,000. According to the 2016 Global Innovation Index released by the World Intellectual Property Organization, Cornell University and Yingshi International Business School in Geneva, China ranks among the top 25 most innovative economies in the world for the first time. Among the 82 specific evaluation indicators covered by the index, China ranks first in the world in 10 indicators, such as the proportion of high-tech exports, knowledge-based employees, assessment of the ability of 15-year-olds (reading, mathematics and science) and company training.

　　At the same time, the contributors of these innovation indexes, scientific and technological innovation and start-up enterprises, are significantly changing people’s lives and work. Some of them improve people’s travel, some focus on saving social resources, and some are based on helping developers produce products … … The resultant force of all this has effectively promoted the economic and social development.

　　Innovation and entrepreneurship create a new situation of development

　　Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, a number of outstanding innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises such as Huawei, Lenovo, Haier, Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu have been born one after another. A number of outstanding entrepreneurs such as Chen Chunxian, Ren Zhengfei, Liu Chuanzhi, Zhang Ruimin, Ma Yun, Ma Huateng and Li Yanhong have written one innovation and entrepreneurial legend after another.

　　Nowadays, China’s economy has entered the new normal of speed shift, structural adjustment, mode change and power change, and innovation and entrepreneurship have once again become a major reform measure to stimulate the wisdom and creativity of hundreds of millions of people, bringing together powerful new kinetic energy for economic and social development.

　　In recent years, China has introduced a series of policies and measures to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, which have lowered the threshold for entrepreneurship and simplified the examination and approval process. The "one-yuan registered company", "multiple photos at one address", "three certificates in one" and "five certificates in one" have greatly reduced the cost of entrepreneurship. Encourage professional and technical personnel in universities, research institutes and other institutions to leave their posts to start businesses, release dividends from the reform of the science and technology system, encourage college students to start businesses, and provide policy support for specific groups to start businesses; Provide low-interest and interest-free loans for small and micro enterprises and provide tax relief policies; Encourage all localities to create service-related start-ups such as incubators, creative spaces and creative bases, and provide convenient services and financial support.

　　Currently, China’s 17 national independent innovation demonstration zones, 146 national high-tech zones, 2,530 science and technology business incubators, more than 2,300 creative spaces, 115 national university science parks, 2,688 productivity promotion centers, 453 national technology transfer demonstration institutions, and 71 innovative industrial cluster pilot and cultivation units. 391 national torch program characteristic industrial bases and 43 national torch program software bases have jointly formed a complete innovation and entrepreneurship service chain, created a good environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, and provided efficient, professional and comprehensive innovation and entrepreneurship services for enterprises in different stages such as innovation, seed incubation, entrepreneurship, growth and maturity. Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship training, exchange communities, angel investment, entrepreneurship incubation, entrepreneurship media, entrepreneurship competitions and other talents, laws, finance, advertising and marketing resources provide professional services for innovative entrepreneurs.

　　Various innovation and entrepreneurship policies and services have quickly become an important engine to stimulate the economy. Policy support, public participation and broad market have jointly promoted the emergence of entrepreneurial enterprises in China, and scientific and technological innovation has constantly subverted traditional industries. Many outstanding entrepreneurial enterprises have rapidly grown into the backbone of China’s economic transformation and made important contributions to China’s economic transformation and development.

　　Under such a big situation, "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" has become a new trend of the times, a powerful driving force for development, a powerful support for expanding employment, an important pusher for developing the sharing economy, a major innovation in the income distribution model, an effective way to promote social justice, and a "Chinese dream" bearing the prosperity of the country and the prosperity of the people.

　　At the same time, it should also be recognized that although China’s entrepreneurial activities are active in the global efficiency-driven and innovation-driven economies, and the entrepreneurial activity index is higher than that of developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan, the China report of Global Entrepreneurship Watch released in 2016 shows that the innovation content of China’s entrepreneurial activities needs to be improved, and "products adopt new technologies" (25.63, 50th) and "new markets" (24

　　Although China has achieved rapid economic development after more than 30 years of reform and opening-up, compared with major developed countries, China’s entrepreneurial environment conditions are not only the best in terms of physical infrastructure, but also in terms of financial support, government projects, education and training, research and development transfer, and business environment.

　　Especially under the background of increasing number of entrepreneurs and low success rate of entrepreneurship, it is necessary to carry out entrepreneurship education in depth to improve entrepreneurial ability and level. Improve entrepreneurs’ rational entrepreneurial awareness by identifying entrepreneurs’ quality education, and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship with the help of entrepreneurial tutors and the level of space service; Handle the relationship between the government and the market, and grasp the degree and quantity of government management and release. Avoid the bubble caused by excessively promoting the construction of entrepreneurial service carriers, and encourage the entrepreneurial failure behind entrepreneurship; We will steadily promote the popularization of internet plus and accelerate the integration of traditional industries and the Internet. Improve the service level of innovation and entrepreneurship carriers in internet plus, and focus on solving the problem of information asymmetry between entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial service carriers.

　　Edmund Phelps, a Nobel laureate in economics and a professor at Columbia University in the United States, stated in his book Great Prosperity that the prosperity of a society depends on whether the people in this society have the desire to participate in creating, exploring and meeting challenges. This kind of values has ignited the grassroots economic vitality necessary for independent innovation. Most innovations are not brought by Henry Ford’s lonely dreamers, but promoted by millions of ordinary people. It is this innovation of public participation that has brought prosperity to the common people — — The improvement of material conditions and the generalized "good life".

　　Create a new engine for development and enhance new impetus for development. Today, China is striding into the era of creation, and will witness more people participate in creation, exploration and dare to challenge, promote economic and social prosperity, strive to create a grand situation of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and make new and greater contributions to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Cctv news A few days ago, the Fudan Science and Technology Pioneer Forum, hosted by Fudan University School of Management, co-hosted by Fudan University MBA Program, Fudan University School of Management Science and Technology Office and Management Education Promotion and Development Center, was successfully held. With the theme of "We ·WOMEN: Walking in the Frontline", this forum invites senior scholars, content creators and science and technology entrepreneurs who are deeply involved in the fields of artificial intelligence, human and evolutionary genetics, life science and digital art to exchange and share staged research results and cutting-edge views.

Exploring the frontier of science and technology: the breakthrough and contribution of female scholars in scientific research

Ceng Xuan, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, gave a speech entitled "There is light at the end of Moore", pointing out that integrated circuits have become the cornerstone of intelligent work in all walks of life, and the new development of artificial intelligence is the revolution based on chip technology. She believes that in the future, China will be able to develop its own EDA system and realize the innovative guidance of "no one has me".

Professor and doctoral supervisor, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Ceng Xuan.

Huang Xuanjing, a professor and doctoral supervisor at Fudan University School of Computer Science, introduced the concept of "large-scale language model" in his speech. She said: "I have never felt so close to general artificial intelligence. This is the most exciting period for me to work in artificial intelligence for so many years. As a woman engaged in artificial intelligence work, I feel both happy and very heavy. "

Huang Xuanjing is a professor and doctoral supervisor at School of Computer Science, Fudan University.

Fu Qiaomei, a researcher at the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Molecular Paleontology Laboratory, focused on the topic of "Decoding the Evolutionary Map of East Asian Population with Ancient DNA", and introduced the scientific research achievements obtained in recent years. She emphasized the importance of the spirit of free exploration in interdisciplinary and related basic research, and should be curious, open-ended and dare to question. In the process of pursuing the dream of scientific research, we should turn ideas into actions and realize them little by little.

Fu Qiaomei, researcher of vertebrate paleontology Institute of Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of molecular paleontology laboratory.

Science and Technology Ecosphere and Digital Art Market: Two-way Driven Information Revolution

Cen Song, director of the Science and Technology Innovation Office of Fudan University School of Management, understands science and technology innovation from the perspective of innovation with the theme of "building and empowering science and technology innovation ecosystem". She believes that enterprise management and science and technology innovation must be driven by two engines, with science and technology innovation enterprises as the main body, management empowerment and science and technology innovation as the starting point according to their dynamic development needs, and linkage with relevant stakeholders to create an innovative portfolio.

Director of Science and Technology Innovation Office of Fudan University School of Management, and EMBA alumnus of Fudan University.

Liu Yinmeng, founder and CEO of OUTPUT digital content platform, shared her entrepreneurial inspiration during her work in new york contemporary art market — — Changes in the identity of creators and artistic creation tools in the art market will trigger a new trend of digital content industry.

Liu Yinmeng Founder and CEO of OUTPUT Digital Content Platform　

Roundtable dialogue: female science and technology entrepreneurs shine unique light in management.

In the round-table dialogue, three female science and technology entrepreneurs in the biomedical industry discussed how to release the power of female leaders in practice and promote the growth and development of science and technology.

From left to right: Professor Feng Tianjun, alumnus Tao Chunlei, Ms. Lu Lilang, alumnus of Yang Lili.

Tao Chunlei, founder and chairman of Anhui Wanbang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. and an alumnus of Fudan Kechuang Entrepreneur Camp, said that at different stages of enterprise development, there will be corresponding strategies and management priorities. She emphasizes the gentleness and firmness in female characteristics, which will shine a unique light in management.

Lu Lilang, general manager of Shanghai Zhijiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. said that engaging in the biomedical industry is not only a job, but also a service for human health, so it is very happy.

Yang Lili, the chief talent officer of Clover Biopharmaceutical and an alumnus of Fudan Kechuang Entrepreneur Camp, recalled his initial intention to join the bio-pharmaceutical entrepreneurial track. She believes that managers need to constantly build a talent system and transform the known talents and organizations into a replicable and systematic model. As a female manager, you should be good at changing your identity flexibly.

"Scientific research has nothing to do with gender, and innovation has no boundaries." Finally, Professor Feng Tianjun summed up the triple beauty of women in science and technology innovation — — The beauty of mission, the beauty of resilience and strength, and the beauty of internal and external cultivation. (Li Ce Tang Aiyi)

　 　Special feature of 1905 film network 　In Darwin’s theory of species evolution, the most important link is that apes walk upright. However, this hypothesis, scientists only give the conclusion of gene mutation, but it can’t explain why only humans have evolved to this stage for hundreds of millions of years. Are the days of other species all in vain?

　 　 How human beings were born is still uncertain, but for the final end of human civilization, everyone’s guess is basically the same, that is, robots will take over human beings and become the masters of the earth. Mechanical Ji is a science fiction movie based on this idea.

　 　 Caleb, a programmer working in a well-known search engine company, was lucky enough to win a grand prize from the company. He will go to the villa built by his boss Nathan in the mountains and spend a week’s holiday with Nathan.

There is something uneasy about the excitement.

　 　 In fact, the beginning of the film is a bit far-fetched. What kind of company would arrange it like this? Let male employees spend a week with their male boss, is it a super jackpot? Fortunately, our protagonist Caleb doesn’t care about these details. Like an excited child, he goes by helicopter to receive the grand prize.

It’s amazing to go deep into the boss’s private forbidden area by helicopter.

　 　 In this fortress-like villa, Nathan explained the real purpose of this trip to Caleb. It turns out that our local boss is still a super scientist. Isn’t it a bit familiar? It’s just a replica of Iron Man.

　 　 However, what Nathan developed is not the ultimate weapon, but the intelligent robot Ava.

　 　 Poor Caleb realized at this moment that what he said on the surface was actually coming to the boss’s house to work overtime. However, the content of overtime is really attractive. He communicated with Ava and conducted a Turing test to test whether Ava has become a real artificial intelligence with self-awareness and self-awareness. Once successful, history and future will be rewritten.

　 　 During the conversation, Ava used her own ability to short-circuit the current in the boss’s house, taking this opportunity to avoid Nathan’s all-round monitoring.

　 　 And warned Caleb that the local tyrant boss could not be trusted, and there was an unknown secret behind him.

　 　 With the deepening of communication, Caleb found that Ava was not like an artificial intelligence under test, but more like a poor girl imprisoned by Nathan, and Ava began to tell Caleb that she had fallen in love with him.

　 　 Between man and machine, the lust beyond species has been born, which makes Caleb, who was originally a science lover, crazy, and he gradually fell into the whirlpool of emotion.

　 　 In fact, after seeing Ava show her love, I think we should learn from the old-timers to reduce the risk of artificial intelligence. Instead of designing such a delicate and touching girl, we should make it a mailbox robot like that in Star Wars. I believe you won’t be tempted anyway … …

Of course, I believe that there will be people who are "tempted" by R2D2.

　 　 In view of Ava’s performance, Caleb argued with Nathan. Is her kindness the result of artificial intelligence or Nathan’s preset? Or both?

　 　 Of course, no matter what the final result is, Nathan will destroy this version of Ava and rebuild it for a new test.

　 　 However, people are not as good as the sky. Caleb hacked into the security system and found Nathan’s previous research videos before Nathan revealed the mystery. As Nathan said, before Ava, there have been countless experimental samples. Even Kyoko, a girl who has been cleaning the housework around them, is also a robot.

　 　 Caleb was so shocked that he even doubted whether he was a human or a robot.

　 　 Just as Caleb and Ava agreed on the escape plan, Nathan appeared, and it turned out that all this was under his supervision.

　 　 This time he revealed the truth completely. This artificial intelligence test was originally tailored for Caleb, and even Ava’s appearance was modified according to Caleb’s preferences. Everything was to test whether Ava could successfully seduce Caleb and achieve the ultimate goal of escaping from the laboratory.

　 　 But something beyond his calculation happened. When Keller realized that their original plan would be discovered by Nathan, he planned ahead and liberated Ava completely. Ava, who is free, kills Nathan with Kyoko and escapes alone.

　 　 In the end, the prince and the princess didn’t live happily together. Ava, as an artificial intelligence, didn’t fall in love. She just used Caleb purely, and after the escape plan was successful, she kept Caleb in the villa to die alive.

　 　 Humans are sometimes so naive that they always think that all creatures will act according to their expected behavior patterns and moral norms. However, for another species, the so-called emotion and morality are all things in the category of human nature. Under another set of reconstructed behavior logic, these human rules are simply not worth mentioning.

　 　 Ava finally entered the metropolis, where a new civilization is about to open.

　　This newspaper (reporter Wang Shanshan from Zhongqing Daily and Zhongqing.com) on November 15th, China Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Foundation and Zeping Macro officially released the Report on the Development of Youth Entrepreneurship in China (2022) (hereinafter referred to as the Report). The Report consists of six parts: the current situation of entrepreneurship development, the portrait of youth entrepreneurship groups in China, the measures to promote youth entrepreneurship development in typical cities, the index of youth entrepreneurship development in China, the ranking of urban youth entrepreneurship development in China and suggestions.

　　According to the Report, innovation and entrepreneurship in China presents a high-quality development trend, with a considerable number of ventures, high venture capital activity, simultaneous follow-up by innovation and service institutions, and an excellent overall entrepreneurial environment. The Report points out that youth entrepreneurship is characterized by youthfulness, high education and small start-up capital. The main force of entrepreneurship is mainly undergraduate and junior college, focusing on agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, wholesale and retail, education and culture. Nearly 70% of entrepreneurial youth have a start-up capital of less than 100,000 yuan. More than half of young entrepreneurs’ profits and losses fluctuate, and 70% of young entrepreneurs start making profits within three years. 54% of college entrepreneurs have participated in entrepreneurship competition, 62% of young entrepreneurs in emerging science and technology believe that innovative and entrepreneurial platforms such as entrepreneurial parks and incubators have greatly helped their entrepreneurial success, and 56.2% of returning entrepreneurs are college students.

　　In recent years, various localities have launched targeted measures to effectively help young people start businesses. The research group of the Report conducted field research in Guangzhou, Qingdao, Chongqing, Zhengzhou and Shenyang, and found that Guangzhou pays attention to building innovative and entrepreneurial training brands and promoting the integrated development of entrepreneurial projects and industries. Qingdao has strengthened and upgraded the mode of "group-bank cooperation" and improved the financial support for entrepreneurship. Chongqing relies on the help brand project "Qingfeng Plan" to solve the financing problem in the early stage of youth entrepreneurship. Zhengzhou established the Incubation Carrier Industry Association to build a bridge between the government and enterprise carriers and stimulate the vitality of "double innovation". Shenyang has built a team of "five in one" entrepreneurial tutors and diversified resources to support entrepreneurship.

　　According to the Report, with the continuous improvement of the national entrepreneurial environment and the continuous refinement of entrepreneurial support policies, from 2015 to 2021, the China Youth Entrepreneurship Development Index rose from 100 to 171.0. Among the 50 youth entrepreneurship-friendly cities in 2021, Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai rank among the top three, while first-tier cities, developed provincial capitals and developed prefecture-level cities in the east rank among the top. The Report pointed out that venture capital, social resources and knowledge reserves are the main difficulties faced by young entrepreneurs, and increasing the support of preferential tax policies for entrepreneurship and simplifying administrative examination and approval procedures are the main demands of over 60% of young entrepreneurs.

　　The Report suggests that, macroscopically, we should improve the efficiency of market resource allocation, boost the confidence of micro-subjects, launch a package of policies led by new infrastructure and expand domestic demand for consumer investment, so as to provide a good environment for young people to innovate and start businesses and guide new directions. Microscopically, we should set up organizations for rural entrepreneurship, organize youth entrepreneurship exchange activities, open a green channel for the application of entrepreneurial invention patents, build a "policy-connected" platform for regional entrepreneurship, and build a national public service platform for entrepreneurial youth from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to help young people innovate and start businesses in an all-round way.

　　China Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Foundation started the research on youth entrepreneurship in 2017, and continuously published annual reports, aiming at sorting out the evolution and trends of China’s entrepreneurship policies, summarizing the characteristics, problems, difficulties and demands of youth entrepreneurship based on the follow-up survey of the current situation of youth entrepreneurship in China, judging the dynamic trend of youth entrepreneurship, and combining with the work related to youth entrepreneurship services, putting forward policy suggestions to promote the development of youth entrepreneurship.