General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the conference commemorating the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth: "Marxism has profoundly changed not only the world, but also China." "A cannon shot in the October Revolution brought Marxism–Leninism to China." The victory of the October Revolution in Russia brought hope to the disaster-stricken Chinese nation and pointed out the direction for the advanced intellectuals who were struggling to find the way out of the China Revolution. The advanced intellectuals in China chose Marxism from various doctrines and schemes. China’s advanced elements accepted Marxism, and from the beginning, they did not discuss it as a pure theory, but as a tool to change the destiny of the country. Guided by the basic principles of Marxism, they actively participated in the real struggle, combined with China’s reality, and began their popularization efforts at the beginning of choosing Marxism.
Since 100 years ago, advanced intellectuals in China have spread Marxism to the masses in an easy-to-understand way by running publications, writing works, holding evening classes, giving lectures, etc., and have embarked on a road of China and popularization of Marxism with great characteristics of the times. The following pioneers have made outstanding contributions to the popularization of Marxism.
Mao Zedong recalled that Li Dazhao was "my real teacher"
On March 25th, 1949, the organs of Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved to Beiping from Xibaipo, Hebei Province. When he was about to arrive in Peiping, Mao Zedong was deeply moved. He said to the staff around him, "It’s been 30 years! 30 years ago, I rushed to seek the truth of saving the country and the people. Not bad, I suffered a lot, and I met a great man in Peiping, that is, Comrade Li Dazhao. With his help, I became a Marxist-Leninist. … … He is my real teacher. Without his guidance and teaching, I don’t know where I am today! "

In August, 1918, Mao Zedong accompanied Hunan students who went to France to work and study, and came to Beijing from Changsha. Mao Zedong, a penniless "Northern drifter", was introduced by Yang Changji, a former teacher of Hunan No.1 Division and now a professor of Peking University, and met Li Dazhao, director of Peking University Library. Li Dazhao arranged for him to work in the library reading room.

During Mao Zedong’s stay in Peking University, it was an important period when Li Dazhao began to publicize the October Revolution in China. It was then that Mao Zedong began to accept Marxism. Mao Zedong later said with deep feelings when talking with Si Nuo: When I was an assistant in the National Peking University Library under Li Dazhao, I developed rapidly in the direction of Marxism. Li Dazhao is my "real teacher".

In 1919, Li Dazhao published the article "The Victory of the Common People" in Volume 5, No.5 of New Youth, further praising the victory of the October Revolution and pointing out that Marxism is bound to win in the world.
The widespread spread of Marxism in China began after the October Revolution and the May 4th Movement. China first praised the October Revolution and publicized Marxism, and it was Li Dazhao who was able to accurately analyze the essence of the October Revolution and explain its great significance. Li Dazhao enthusiastically praised and publicized the October Revolution in Russia, applied the proletarian world outlook, grasped the historical laws of the development of human society, and published four brilliant articles with keen and original eyes: Comparative View of the French-Russian Revolution (1918), Victory of the Common People (1918), Victory of Bolshevism (1918) and New Era (1919). He said confidently, "Look at the future world, it must be a world with red flags!" "

The article "Victory of Bolshevism" published by Li Dazhao in New Youth pointed out that the October Revolution "is a new era of world revolution and human awakening"
In February, 1918, Li Dazhao taught courses such as Historical Materialism, History of Marx, Marxist Economics, History of Social Development and Sociology in Peking University, Women’s Normal University and Normal University, which were warmly welcomed by the progressive youth. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he published a large number of articles and speeches, such as My View on Marxism and Re-discussion on Problems and Doctrine, based on New Youth and Weekly Review, which played an important role in introducing and propagating Marxist theory and promoting the patriotic and democratic movement against imperialism and feudalism, and had a wide social impact. Then he became the pioneer of communism in China and the earliest disseminator of Marxism in China. Li Dazhao wrote many enthusiastic articles to promote Marxism, as Mr. Lu Xun said: "His legacy will remain forever, because it is the heritage of pioneers and a monument in the history of revolution."

In 1919, Li Dazhao published "My View on Marxism" in New Youth, Volume 6, No.5, which greatly promoted the study and dissemination of Marxism in China.
In 1920, Li Dazhao sent Deng Zhongxia and Zhang Tailei to Changxindian, on the west bank of Yongding River in Fengtai, Beijing, to carry out the workers’ movement and organize the establishment of a labor tutorial school. At that time, the conditions were very difficult, and the teachers helped the workers write home letters, taught cultural knowledge and established a deep friendship with the workers.

Li Dazhao has taught here twice. His lectures are humorous. Once the workers asked him, "Can you tell us how the workers are masters of the country?" Li Dazhao rolled up his sleeves and wrote the word worker on the blackboard. When he asked what the words workers read together, the class became quiet. Suddenly, a worker replied, "I know the teacher, and this word reads heaven." Li Dazhao said happily, "Heaven is your workers, and the strength of workers is greater than that of heaven." In this way, teachers have trained a large number of backbone workers’ movements by passing on advanced ideas and culture to workers.

In March 1920, Li Dazhao launched the earliest group in China to study and study Marxism — — Marxist theory research society. It aims to organize outstanding young people who have been trained by the May 4th Movement to further study and study Marxist theory. Under his education and influence, a group of advanced young intellectuals such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Deng Zhongxia and Gao Junyu accepted Marxism and embarked on a firm revolutionary road, which promoted the spread of Marxism in China. Li Dazhao trained a generation of revolutionaries for the rise of the communist movement in China.
Chen Wangdao: Truth tastes a little sweet.
On November 29th, 2012, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader led the 18th CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) to visit the exhibition "The Road to Rejuvenation", he vividly told the story that Chen Wangdao mistakenly ate ink as brown sugar because of his excessive concentration in translating the communist party Declaration.
Chen Wangdao, a native of Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, was born in a peasant family on January 18, 1891. He studied in Jinhua Middle School in his early years and went to Waseda University in Japan to study literature, philosophy and law, where he began to contact Marxist books.

Before and after the May 4th Movement, the New Culture Movement rose in China, and some progressive newspapers began to introduce the communist party Declaration, but only some chapters or fragments were translated, and there was no complete Chinese translation of the communist party Declaration. Because translation requires three conditions: first, familiarity with Marxism and communism; Second, proficient in one of three foreign languages: German, English and Japanese; Third, there is a considerable level of language and literature literacy. These requirements temporarily stopped the translation of the communist party Declaration. In March 1920, Chen Wangdao received a letter from Shao Lizi, editor-in-chief of the Republic of China Daily in Shanghai, inviting him to Shanghai to discuss the translation of the communist party Declaration.
Chen Wangdao read the Japanese version of "communist party Declaration" when he was studying in Japan, and readily accepted it out of his reverence and belief in Marxism. Nowadays, someone has provided the Japanese version of the communist party Declaration for use. In order to achieve accurate translation, Chen Wangdao invited Chen Duxiu to come forward and borrowed the English version of the communist party Declaration from Li Dazhao, director of the Peking University Library, for reference.
Later, Chen Wangdao returned to his hometown in Xifenshuitang Village, Yiwu County, Zhejiang Province, and began to translate the communist party Declaration. The translation of the communist party Declaration must be kept strictly confidential. Therefore, Chen Wangdao set the translation office in a small and secluded woodshed, with two benches and a ceiling as a writing desk. During the day, I leaned against the light coming through the window, or silently read the Japanese text, or wrote with a pen, or compared with the English text, closed the window at night and lit kerosene lamps to translate day and night.
After more than a month, by the end of April, Chen Wangdao had completed the translation of the communist party Declaration.
In May, Wei kinski, a representative of the Comintern, came to Shanghai to plan the establishment of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Chen Duxiu and others, and also brought a large sum of money. After Chen Duxiu’s efforts, D kinski printed the communist party Declaration with the funds of the Comintern.
In mid-August, 1000 copies of the Chinese translation of the communist party Declaration were printed and sold out quickly. By May 1926, the communist party Manifesto published by the Socialist Research Society had reached 17 editions, and there were countless "piracy". For a time, this book became a veritable classic of communist theory with the greatest influence in China.
Chen Wangdao’s translation of the communist party Declaration is the first complete translation of Marxist classics. When the communist party Declaration was published, it was the time when the the Communist Party of China (CPC)-Shanghai organization was founded. The publication and dissemination of the communist party Declaration made ideological and theoretical preparations for the initiation and composition of the Party’s early organizations and the birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1921.

In July, 1936, in front of the cave dwelling in Yan ‘an, Mao Zedong told edgar snow, an American journalist who came to Yan ‘an for an interview, about his ideological growth, saying, "There are three books that have been deeply engraved in my heart, which have established my belief in Marxism. One book is Chen Wangdao’s translation of the communist party Declaration, which is the first Marxist book published in Chinese. The other two are Class Struggle written by Kaucki and History of Socialism written by Kirkup. " Mr. Lu Xun also praised Chen Wangdao in 1920 and said, "What is everyone talking about now ‘ Radicalism ’ Yes, but no one really put this ‘ Doctrine ’ Really introduce to China, in fact, this is the most urgent work at present; After Wang Dao made a big noise in Hangzhou for a while, he worked hard to translate this book this time and did a good thing to China. " In January 1992, Deng Xiaoping also said in his speech in the South: "My introductory teachers are the communist party Declaration and the Communist ABC."
Chen Wangdao not only translated the communist party Declaration, but also translated and introduced utopian and scientific socialism from 1919 to 1921, which made great contributions to the dissemination of truth.

Ai Siqi: "Pioneer of Popularization of Marxist Philosophy"
In 1910, Ai Siqi was born in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, formerly known as Li Shengxuan. In 1932, Ai Siqi went to Shanghai, took part in the revolutionary work under the leadership of the Communist Party, and began to engage in Marxist propaganda activities. Ai Siqi devoted himself to studying and propagating Marxist philosophy with great enthusiasm, and wrote many popular and vivid philosophical articles. In particular, since November 1934, 24 articles on philosophy have been serialized in Shanghai’s "Reading Life" bimonthly, and published in 1935 under the name of "Philosophical Speech". When the fourth edition was published in 1936, it was renamed "Popular Philosophy" and became a best seller. Because "Popular Philosophy" was welcomed by the broad masses of young people and people, there were as many as 32 editions before the national liberation. Since then, this book has been closely linked with Ai Siqi’s name and has become popular all over the country.

Popular Philosophy is recognized by the philosophical circles as an "introductory book" for the China-ization of Marxist philosophy. It expounds the basic problems of Marxist philosophy with examples of life around people, easy-to-understand language and lively forms. As the editor’s preface to this book written by Li Gongfu said in 1935: "This book is written in the most popular style, the genre of daily conversation, and the specialized theory is melted, so that the public readers can accept it without great effort. This kind of writing is still the only contribution in the current publishing industry. This popular philosophical book, I dare say, can be widely used as a compass for our national readers to understand and transform the world. "
When reading this book, Mao Zedong not only carefully read the transcript, but also designated it as the textbook of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University. In October 1937, when Ai Siqi first arrived in Yan ‘an, Mao Zedong was very excited when he heard the news. He said happily, "Oh, here comes Ai Siqi who works on Popular Philosophy!"

Popular Philosophy, like the torch of revolution, illuminates the direction of progress in the dark and enlightens thousands of young people to the revolutionary road. Comrade Song Ping, the 13th The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), once said that Ai Siqi’s book Popular Philosophy had a great influence on his life. "It was the time when I first came into contact with Comrade Ai Siqi’s works that I began to embark on the revolutionary road. At that time, I read Popular Philosophy. This book puts profound philosophy in vivid examples, which is easy to understand and makes me get the enlightenment education of Marxism. "
Before the founding of New China, Popular Philosophy was published in 32 editions, which was in short supply. In 1979, another 350,000 copies were printed, but they were still sold out. Popular Philosophy is the most frequently published book of popular philosophy.
China has entered a new era. To develop Marxism in the 21st century and Marxism in contemporary China, we must base ourselves on China, take a broad view of the world, keep the theoretical character of keeping pace with the times, deeply understand the significance of the times and reality of Marxism, and persevere in promoting the China, modernization and popularization of Marxism, so that Marxism can radiate more brilliant truth.