Comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, and continuously inject strong impetus into Chinese modernization.
Comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, and continuously inject strong impetus into Chinese modernization.※
Supreme leader
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of communist party, China was held in Beijing from November 9 to 12, 2013. The plenary session was presided over by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and the General Secretary of the Central Committee and the Supreme Leader made an important speech. Xinhua News Agency reporter Lan Hongguang/photo
one
Reform and opening up is a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China, and it is also a key measure to realize the goal of "two hundred years" and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Our key move now is reform and opening up. There is no end to the development of practice, the emancipation of the mind, the reform and opening up, and there is no way out for pause and retrogression. At present, there are many contradictions and difficulties in promoting reform, but we can’t do it without reform. We must show courage, adhere to the correct direction of reform and opening up, dare to bite hard bones and venture into dangerous beaches, not only dare to break through the obstacles of ideological concepts, but also dare to break through the barriers of solidification of interests, so that reform and opening up will not stop.
(Speech during the inspection work in Guangdong from December 7 to 11, 2012)
two
Reform and opening up is a profound revolution, and we must adhere to the correct direction and advance along the right path. Direction determines the road, and the road determines fate. The key to the great success of China’s reform and opening up is that we regard the Party’s basic line as the lifeline of the Party and the country, and always adhere to the unification of taking economic construction as the center and the four cardinal principles and the two basic points of reform and opening up with Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great practice, neither taking the old road of being closed and rigid, nor taking the evil road of changing the flag. Reform and opening up must be brave in emancipating the mind, but emancipating the mind has a direction, a position and a principle, so reform and opening up also has a direction, a position and a principle. Some people define reform and opening up as changing to the direction of western "universal values" and western political system, otherwise it is not reform and opening up. This is a misinterpretation of our reform and opening up. We can’t generally say that China’s reform lags behind in some aspects. In some respects, it is possible to be faster and slower in a certain period, but in general, there is no question about which aspects of China’s reform have been changed and which aspects have not. The essence of the problem is what to change, what not to change, and what cannot be changed, no matter how long it takes. We can’t learn to walk in Handan. The world is developing and society is progressing. Without reform and opening up, there is a dead end, and so is "reform and opening up" that denies the socialist direction. On the question of direction, we must be very clear-headed. Our direction is to constantly promote the self-improvement and development of the socialist system, rather than changing its course.我们要坚持四项基本原则这个立国之本，既以四项基本原则保证改革开放的正确方向，又通过改革开放赋予四项基本原则新的时代内涵，排除各种干扰，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路。
（2012年12月31日在十八届中央政治局第二次集体学习时的讲话）
2020年10月14日，深圳经济特区建立40周年庆祝大会在广东省深圳市隆重举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在会上发表重要讲话。这是当天下午，最高领袖来到莲花山公园，向邓小平同志铜像敬献花篮。 新华社记者 王晔/摄
三
坚持把完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化作为全面深化改革的总目标。邓小平同志在1992年提出，再有30年的时间，我们才会在各方面形成一整套更加成熟更加定型的制度。这次全会在邓小平同志战略思想的基础上，提出要推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。这是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度的必然要求，是实现社会主义现代化的应有之义。我们之所以决定这次三中全会研究全面深化改革问题，不是推进一个领域改革，也不是推进几个领域改革，而是推进所有领域改革，就是从国家治理体系和治理能力的总体角度考虑的。
(Speech at the Second Plenary Session of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 12, 2013)
four
The people are the creators of history and the source of our strength. The most fundamental reason why the reform and opening up has won the heartfelt support and active participation of the broad masses of the people is that we have deeply rooted the cause of reform and opening up among the people from the beginning. The decision of the plenary session summed up the valuable experience accumulated in reform and opening up, one of which is to emphasize the need to adhere to the people-oriented principle, respect the people’s dominant position, give play to the initiative of the masses, and rely closely on the people to promote reform. Without the support and participation of the people, no reform can succeed. No matter what difficulties and challenges you encounter, as long as there is people’s support and participation, there will be no insurmountable difficulties and no hurdles to overcome. We should carry out the Party’s mass line, have mutual affinity with the people, share joys and sorrows with the people, and work in unity with the people.
To promote any major reform, we must grasp and handle major issues involving reform from the standpoint of the people, and we must plan reform ideas and formulate reform measures from the interests of the people. Wang Fu of the Han Dynasty said: "The movement of Dapeng is not a feather; The speed of galloping is not enough. " That is to say, Dapeng flies into the sky, not by the lightness of a feather; A fine horse does not run with one foot. If China wants to fly high and run fast, it must rely on the strength of 1.3 billion people.
In the process of deepening reform in an all-round way, we should seriously think about the actual situation of the masses when we encounter interests that are complicated and difficult to weigh. What are the people expecting? How to protect the interests of the masses? Are the masses satisfied with our reform? To improve the scientificity of reform decision-making, it is very important to listen to the opinions and suggestions of the masses extensively, sum up the fresh experience created by the masses in time, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the masses to promote reform, condense the wisdom and strength of the overwhelming majority of the people into reform, and push forward the reform together with the people.
(Speech at the Second Plenary Session of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 12, 2013)
five
To uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must constantly adapt to the development of social productive forces, adjust production relations, and constantly adapt to the development of economic base and improve the superstructure. Over the past 35 years of reform and opening up, China’s economic and social development has made great achievements. The fundamental reason is that we have stimulated the development vitality of social productive forces by constantly adjusting the relations of production and adapted to the development requirements of the economic base by constantly improving the superstructure. It is for this purpose that we carry out economic system reform, political system, cultural system, social system, ecological civilization system and party building system reform.
We propose to carry out comprehensive and deepening reform, which is to adapt to the changes of the basic contradiction movement in our society and promote social development. The basic social contradictions are always developing, so it is necessary to adjust the relations of production and improve the superstructure accordingly. As I said, there is no end to the development of practice, the emancipation of the mind, and the reform and opening up. The reform and opening up will only be carried out when it is not completed. This is the attitude of historical materialism.
(Speech at the 11th collective study in the 18th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee on December 3rd, 2013)
six
When we considered the topic of the Third Plenary Session, we proposed to formulate a comprehensive and deepening reform plan, instead of just talking about economic system reform or only talking about economic system and social system reform. This consideration is because to solve the outstanding contradictions and problems we are facing, it is difficult to rely on reforms in a single field and at a single level. It is necessary to strengthen top-level design and overall planning, and enhance the relevance, systematicness and synergy of various reforms. Only by solving the problem of inadaptability in production relations and superstructure can we have a comprehensive effect.
At the same time, we also highlighted the need to focus on economic construction and give play to the traction role of economic system reform. That is to say, we should grasp the main aspects of the basic social contradictions in China at this stage, with the focus on development. Only by deploying reforms in all aspects closely around the top priority of development, and providing strong traction for reform by liberating and developing social productive forces, can we better promote the adaptation of production relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic base. The practice since China’s reform and opening-up has fully proved that tightly grasping the liberation and development of social productive forces can provide a strong impetus to other aspects of reform and affect the corresponding promotion of other aspects of reform.
(Speech at the 11th collective study in the 18th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee on December 3rd, 2013)
seven
Deepening the reform in China, a country with a population of more than 1.3 billion, is by no means easy. After more than 30 years of reform, China has entered the deep water area. It can be said that the easy and happy reform has been completed. All the delicious meat has been eaten, and the rest are hard bones. This requires us to be bold and steady. Be bold, that is, no matter how difficult the reform is, we must move forward, dare to take responsibility, dare to bite hard bones, and dare to venture into dangerous beaches. Steady pace means accurate direction and steady driving, especially not making subversive mistakes.
(Question and answer in an exclusive interview with Russian TV on February 7, 2014)
eight
What direction should we go to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity? This is a fundamental question and must be answered well. To consider this issue, we must fully understand and grasp the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform, which is a whole composed of two sentences, namely, perfecting and developing the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. There is a question about the relationship between the previous sentence and the latter sentence. The previous sentence stipulates the fundamental direction, and our direction is Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road, not any other road. That is, as I often say, we should unswervingly follow the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, neither the old road of being closed and rigid, nor the evil road of changing our flag. The latter sentence provides a clear direction for improving and developing the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system under the guidance of the fundamental direction. It is complete to speak two sentences. It is incomplete and incomplete to talk only about the second sentence and not about the first sentence.
(Speech on February 17, 2014 at the seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels to study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee)
nine
All localities and departments should firmly establish a sense of overall situation and responsibility, take reform as a major political responsibility, strengthen their determination and confidence in reform, and enhance their ideological consciousness and action consciousness in promoting reform. They should be both reform promoters and reform doers, do a good job in the implementation of reform with the spirit of nailing nails, seize the key points, make precise efforts, dare to gnaw at hard bones, stare at it and grasp it repeatedly until it achieves results.
(Speech at the 21st meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform on February 23, 2016)
ten
Insist on comprehensively deepening reform. Only socialism can save China, and only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism. We must adhere to and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, constantly promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, resolutely get rid of all outdated ideas and shortcomings of institutional mechanisms, break through the barriers of solidification of interests, absorb the beneficial achievements of human civilization, build a systematic, scientific, standardized and effective institutional system, and give full play to the advantages of China’s socialist system.
（2017年10月18日在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告）
2018年12月18日，庆祝改革开放40周年大会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在大会上发表重要讲话。这是最高领袖鼓掌向受表彰人员表示祝贺。 新华社记者 谢环驰/摄
十一
中国人民具有伟大梦想精神，中华民族充满变革和开放精神。几千年前，中华民族的先民们就秉持“周虽旧邦，其命维新”的精神，开启了缔造中华文明的伟大实践。自古以来，中国大地上发生了无数变法变革图强运动，留下了“治世不一道，便国不法古”等豪迈宣言。自古以来，中华民族就以“天下大同”、“协和万邦”的宽广胸怀，自信而又大度地开展同域外民族交往和文化交流，曾经谱写了万里驼铃万里波的浩浩丝路长歌，也曾经创造了万国衣冠会长安的盛唐气象。正是这种“天行健，君子以自强不息”、“地势坤，君子以厚德载物”的变革和开放精神，使中华文明成为人类历史上唯一一个绵延5000多年至今未曾中断的灿烂文明。以数千年大历史观之，变革和开放总体上是中国的历史常态。中华民族以改革开放的姿态继续走向未来，有着深远的历史渊源、深厚的文化根基。
(Speech at the celebration of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up on December 18th, 2018)
twelve
The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was epoch-making, which opened a new historical period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was also epoch-making, which opened a new era of deepening reform in an all-round way and promoting reform with overall system design, and created a new situation of China’s reform and opening up. With unprecedented determination and strength, we pushed forward the comprehensive and deepening reform, gnawed a lot of hard bones, broke through many rapids and shoals, made all-round efforts, made many breakthroughs and advanced in depth, basically established the main framework of reform in major areas, and effectively promoted the development of various undertakings.
(Speech at the summary meeting on deepening the reform of the party and state institutions on July 5, 2019)
thirteen
The reform and opening up in the new era has many new connotations and characteristics, among which the most important point is that the system construction is heavier, and the reform is more faced with deep-seated institutional mechanisms, with higher requirements for the top-level design of reform, more systematic, holistic and collaborative requirements for reform, and the task of establishing rules and regulations and building systems accordingly is heavier. To plan comprehensive and deepening reform in the new era, we must adhere to and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity as the main axis, profoundly grasp China’s development requirements and the trend of the times, put system construction and governance capacity construction in a more prominent position, continue to deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms in all fields, promote the maturity and finalization of all systems, and promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity.
(Explanation on the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Upholding and Perfecting the Socialism with Chinese characteristics System and Promoting the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity on October 28, 2019)
fourteen
Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, with unprecedented determination and strength, the CPC Central Committee has broken through the shackles of ideological concepts, the barriers of solidification of interests, resolutely eliminated the drawbacks of various institutional mechanisms, actively responded to the risk challenges brought about by changes in the external environment, and started a magnificent and magnificent reform process. The objectives and tasks set by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee have been comprehensively promoted, the basic institutional framework in various fields has been basically established, and historic changes, systematic remolding and overall reconstruction have been achieved in many fields, which has laid a solid foundation for promoting the formation of a systematic, scientific, standardized and effective institutional system, making all aspects of the system more mature and stereotyped, and comprehensively deepening reform has achieved historic great achievements. We must strengthen our confidence in reform, pool the joint efforts of reform, make persistent efforts, forge ahead, and promote greater breakthroughs and achievements in reform in the new stage of development.
Looking back on the reform work in recent years, we have put forward a series of innovative theories, taken a series of major measures and made a series of major breakthroughs, all of which are revolutionary, creating a new situation in which reform and opening up have promoted historical achievements and changes in various undertakings of the party and the country.
(Speech at the 17th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform on December 30, 2020)
fifteen
Insist on deepening reform and opening up. We will further promote reform and innovation, unswervingly open wider to the outside world, focus on cracking down on deep-seated institutional and institutional obstacles, constantly highlight Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s institutional advantages, continuously enhance the motivation and vitality of socialist modernization, and better transform China’s institutional advantages into the effectiveness of state governance.
(Report in The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（CPC） on October 16, 2022)
sixteen
We should make good use of the key measure of reform, adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, strengthen the integration, coordination and efficiency of reform systems, consolidate and deepen the reform achievements in solving institutional obstacles, institutional obstacles and innovative policies, and make new breakthroughs in important fields and key links.
(Speech at the Party’s The First Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee on October 23, 2022)
The second plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing from February 26th to 28th, 2023. This is the Supreme Leader, Li Qiang, Zhao Leji, Wang Huning, Cai Qi, Ding Xuexiang, Li Xi and others on the rostrum. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi/photo
seventeen
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward a series of major reform measures, which is a major strategic deployment made by the CPC Central Committee for comprehensively deepening reform in the new era and new journey. It is necessary to closely focus on the goal of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, launch a number of strategic, creative and leading reforms, strengthen the integration, coordination and efficiency of reform systems, and make new breakthroughs in important fields and key links. We must uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, further deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and improve the competitiveness of state-owned enterprises; Optimize the development environment of private enterprises, enhance the confidence of private economy development, and promote the development and growth of private enterprises. Improve the modern enterprise system with China characteristics, build a high-standard market system, improve the macroeconomic governance system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better play the role of the government. Strengthen and improve modern financial supervision, strengthen the financial stability guarantee system, and standardize and guide the healthy development of capital according to law. Promote high-level opening up to the outside world, steadily expand institutional openness such as rules, regulations, management and standards, and promote the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" with high quality. While focusing on promoting the reform of the economic system, we should make overall plans for reforms in the fields of education, science and technology talents, politics, the rule of law, culture, society, ecology, national security and party building. Pay attention to improving the implementation mechanism of reform, promote the effectiveness of reform measures, constantly highlight Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s institutional advantages, continuously enhance the motivation and vitality of socialist modernization, and better transform China’s institutional advantages into the effectiveness of national governance.
（2023年2月28日在党的二十届二中全会第二次全体会议上的讲话）
十八
今年是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年，也是改革开放45周年和党的十八届三中全会召开10周年。实现新时代新征程的目标任务，要把全面深化改革作为推进中国式现代化的根本动力，作为稳大局、应变局、开新局的重要抓手，把准方向、守正创新、真抓实干，在新征程上谱写改革开放新篇章。
（2023年4月21日在二十届中央全面深化改革委员会第一次会议上的讲话）
2024年4月22日至24日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在重庆考察。这是22日下午，最高领袖参观重庆科技创新和产业发展成果展示。 新华社记者 王晔/摄
nineteen
It is necessary to further deepen reform and opening up. Reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for contemporary China to catch up with the times, and it is also a key measure to determine the success or failure of Chinese modernization. To promote Chinese-style modernization, we must further deepen reform and opening up in an all-round way, constantly liberate and develop social productive forces, and liberate and enhance social vitality. We must conform to the new trend of the times, the new requirements of practical development and the new expectations of the people, and resolutely break down all institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the smooth progress of Chinese modernization with the firm determination to reform to the end, be serious, dare to face difficulties, make precise efforts, make concerted efforts and make sustained efforts. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the economic system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, give better play to the role of the government, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, build a unified national market, improve the macroeconomic governance system, stimulate the vitality of various business entities, and accelerate the formation of institutional mechanisms conducive to high-quality development. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system, give play to the advantages of the new national system, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, optimize the allocation of innovative resources, strive to break through key core technologies, and promote the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. It is necessary to jointly promote reforms in various fields such as cultural system, social system and ecological civilization system, and continuously inject new impetus into Chinese modernization in all directions.
(Speech at the symposium to commemorate the 130th anniversary of Comrade Mao Zedong’s birth on December 26th, 2023)
twenty
The relations of production must meet the requirements of the development of productive forces. To develop new quality productive forces, we must further deepen the reform in an all-round way and form a new type of production relationship that is suitable for it. New-quality productivity needs not only the government’s advanced planning guidance and scientific policy support, but also the adjustment of market mechanism and the continuous innovation of micro-subjects such as enterprises. It is cultivated and driven by the "tangible hand" of the government and the "invisible hand" of the market. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the economic system and the scientific and technological system, make great efforts to open up the blocking points that hinder the development of new quality productive forces, establish a high-standard market system, and innovate the allocation methods of production factors, so that all kinds of advanced and high-quality production factors can flow smoothly to the development of new quality productive forces. At the same time, it is necessary to expand high-level opening to the outside world and create a good international environment for the development of new quality productive forces.
（2024年1月31日在二十届中央政治局第十一次集体学习时的讲话）
2024年3月18日至21日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在湖南考察。这是19日上午，最高领袖在常德河街考察时，同店主和游客亲切交流。 新华社记者 王晔/摄
二十一
全面深化改革开放，持续增强发展的内生动力和活力。要谋划进一步全面深化改革重大举措，为推动高质量发展、推进中国式现代化持续注入强劲动力。要围绕构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，深化要素市场化改革，建设高标准市场体系，加快完善产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度。要不断完善落实“两个毫不动摇”的体制机制，有效破除制约民营企业公平参与市场竞争的障碍，支持民营经济和民营企业发展壮大，激发各类经营主体的内生动力和创新活力。要深化科技体制、教育体制、人才体制等改革，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点。要加大制度型开放力度，持续建设市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境，塑造更高水平开放型经济新优势。
(Speech at the deliberation of Jiangsu delegation at the Second Session of the 14th National People’s Congress on March 5, 2024)
Twenty Two
To further deepen the reform in an all-round way, we should highlight the problem orientation, focus on solving the problems of blocking points that restrict the construction of a new development pattern and promote high-quality development, the pain points and difficulties in the development environment and people’s livelihood, and the hot issues that are contrary to social fairness and justice, effectively prevent and resolve major risks, and constantly add momentum and vitality to economic and social development.
(Speech during an inspection tour in Hunan on March 21, 2024)
This is an excerpt from General Secretary Supreme Leader’s important exposition on comprehensively deepening reform and opening up and continuously injecting strong impetus into Chinese modernization from December 2012 to March 2024. ※.