In the next few days, the cold wave will gradually move south, from west to east and from north to south, gradually affecting most parts of China.

　　△ On November 4th, the impact of the cold wave has been highlighted, with cooling in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.

　　With the penetration of cold air, the temperature in most parts of the north to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River will hit a new low after autumn, and the situation of abnormally high temperature in the previous period will also change, and the temperature in eastern Inner Mongolia and northeast China will be reversed from significantly high to low.

　　△ National temperature anomaly in the past ten days VS temperature anomaly in the next ten days. From warm to cold.

　　On the evening of the 4 th,The Central Meteorological Observatory issued four early warnings of cold wave, blizzard, strong wind and strong convection.!

　　It is estimated that from 20: 00 on the 4th to 20: 00 on the 7th, the temperature will drop by 6 ~ 10℃ in the central and eastern parts of northwest China,The temperature in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, south-central Northeast China, central and eastern Jianghuai and other places will drop by 12 ~ 14℃, and the local temperature drop in southwestern Jilin, northwestern Liaoning and southeastern Inner Mongolia will reach more than 16℃.; The lowest temperature appeared on the morning of the 7th, and the lowest temperature 0℃ line will be located in northern Hebei, southern Beijing, southwestern Shanxi, Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi and southeastern Gansu, and the lowest temperature in most areas along the Yangtze River will drop to about 10℃. There are 4 ~ 6 northerly winds in the north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the gusts are 7 ~ 9, and the local level can reach 10.

　　The temperature drop is most severe in Northeast China, especially in Jilin, where the drop is generally above 16℃. The highest temperature in Changchun will be 11℃ tomorrow, and it will drop to -5℃ on the 7th, with a cumulative drop of 16℃.

　　The cooling in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is also very intense. The highest temperature in Shanghai, Hangzhou and other cities is still around 30℃ on the 4th and 5th. In particular, the highest temperature in Hangzhou will reach 31℃ tomorrow, but it will drop to 19℃ on the 6th, and seasonal and cliff-like cooling will be staged.

　　Moreover, this cold wave is still an effort. Although it is a "spent force" to go to Guangdong, it will still cool down Guangdong and send some coolness ~

　　In addition to strong winds and cooling, the cold wave will also bring a wide range of rain and snow weather to China. It is estimated that from 20: 00 on the 4 th to 20: 00 on the 6 th,There have been heavy snowstorms from west to east in the central and eastern Inner Mongolia, the central and western parts of Northeast China and the north, and there have been heavy snowstorms in some areas and local heavy snowstorms.(30 ~ 34 mm), the new snow depth is 10 ~ 20 cm, and the local area can reach more than 25 cm. The main snowfall period is from the night of the 5th to the 6th.

　　The precipitation in the east and northeast of Inner Mongolia lasts for a long time, and the accumulated precipitation is large, and the precipitation phase is complex. In the early stage, the temperature is high before the rain snows, and the snow will turn from tomorrow night to the day after tomorrow, accompanied by strong winds, and there will be snowstorms in some areas, which is extremely extreme.

　　Why is the snowfall in Northeast China so strong this time? Zhang Juan, a meteorologist of China Weather Network, said that there was a cold vortex at high altitude and the ground cooperated with cyclones, which made the water vapor in the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan rise strongly after being involved. The snowfall intensity was rare in early November.

　　Remember the rain and snow process in early November 2021? The daily precipitation of 151 national stations in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, North China and Huanghuai broke the historical extreme in November. The phase transition of rain and snow in Northeast China is complex, and freezing rain occurs. The snow depth in Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning is more than 40 cm.

　　Although the scope of rain and snow in Northeast China is not as wide as that in 2021, there will still be rain and snow conversion, and the snow potential is relatively strong.

　　In addition, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a strong convective warning on the evening of the 4th. It is estimated that from 20: 00 on the 4 th to 20: 00 on the 5 th, there will be 8-10 thunderstorms or hail weather in parts of southern Anhui, south-central Hunan, north-central Jiangxi, southern Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi; There will be short-term heavy precipitation in parts of central and southern Anhui, eastern Hubei, most of Hunan, central and northern Jiangxi, southeastern Chongqing, eastern and southern Guizhou, northwestern Guangxi, southwestern Guangdong, Hainan Island and other places, with a maximum hourly rainfall of 20-30 mm and a local area of more than 50 mm.

　　The heavy snowfall in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, coupled with the superposition effect of previous snowfall, has a medium and high risk of snowstorm and low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters. Relevant departments and the public should pay attention to the traffic congestion or accidents that may be caused by snow and ice on road sections, and agriculture and animal husbandry should pay attention to the possible adverse effects of heavy snowfall; Strong convection and strong cooling in the south are coming, and the public should also pay attention to prevention.

　　BEIJING, March 23 (Xinhua) According to the official website news of the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission and relevant departments have studied and drafted the Anti-monopoly Guide on the Automobile Industry (draft for comments), which is now open to the public for comments.

　　The Opinions define the concepts of automobiles and automobile manufacturers, distribution markets and after-sales markets, and clarify the prohibition and exemption of monopoly agreements.

　　According to the Opinions, the suggested price, guided price or maximum price set by automobile suppliers for reselling automobiles and automobile after-sales accessories and supplies to dealers and repairers, and the suggested price, guided price or maximum price set for after-sales service working hours to dealers and repairers usually have efficiency effects. If, due to the pressure or encouragement of one party to the agreement, the suggested price, the guided price or the highest price are executed by most or all dealers, and the substantial effect is equivalent to the fixed resale price or the minimum resale price, these behaviors may be identified as fixed resale price or the minimum resale price according to the specific circumstances of each case.

　　The National Development and Reform Commission said that the time for public consultation was from March 23, 2016 to April 12, 2016. Relevant units and people from all walks of life can log on to the "Anti-monopoly" column of the website of the National Development and Reform Commission (http://www.ndrc.gov.cn) Price Supervision Bureau Sub-station (http://jjs.ndrc.gov.cn/), click "Anti-monopoly Guide on the Automobile Industry (Draft for Comment)", put forward opinions and suggestions on the Guide, and send them to the National Development and Reform Commission (Price Supervision Bureau).

　　At the same time, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the feedback channel, including address: No.38 Yuetan South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, Price Supervision Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission, zip code: 100824. E-mail: wudm@ndrc.gov.cn. (Zhongxin. com auto channel)

　　Attachment: Anti-monopoly Guide on Automobile Industry (Draft for Comment)

　　Price Supervision Bureau of National Development and Reform Commission

　　March 23, 2016

　　The State Council Anti-monopoly Committee

　　Anti-monopoly guide on automobile industry

　　(Draft for Comment)

　　(March 2016)

　　I. General principles

　　Automobile industry is an important pillar industry of national economy, which plays an important role in promoting economic growth, technological innovation, employment and social development. In order to prevent and stop the monopolistic behavior of the automobile industry, reduce the cost of administrative law enforcement and operator compliance, promote scientific and effective anti-monopoly supervision, protect fair competition, safeguard consumer interests and social public interests, and promote the healthy development of the automobile industry, this guide is formulated in accordance with the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Anti-monopoly Law).

　　(A) Concept definition

　　1. Automobile refers to a vehicle driven or towed by power and having four or more wheels, which is used for carrying people and/or goods, towing people and/or goods, and for special purposes. It can be divided into two categories: passenger cars and commercial vehicles. For further classification of passenger cars and commercial vehicles, please refer to the relevant national standards (GB/T3730.1-2001 Terms and Definitions of Types of Cars and Trailers).

　　2. New energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use new power systems and are driven entirely or mainly by new energy sources, mainly including pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles.

　　3. Second-hand cars refer to cars that have been traded and transferred ownership from the completion of registration procedures to the national compulsory scrapping standards.

　　4. Automobile suppliers refer to operators who provide automobiles, after-sales accessories and supplies, including:

　　(1) automobile manufacturers;

　　(2) The general automobile dealer established or authorized by the automobile manufacturer;

　　(3) Automobile importers engaged in automobile wholesale business.

　　5. Spare parts suppliers refer to operators who produce or provide automobile parts for initial assembly and after-sales parts.

　　6. Automobile dealers refer to operators who engage in automobile distribution and service independently of automobile suppliers. In practice, car dealers can assume the role of car repairers at the same time, but car sales and after-sales service can also be separated from each other.

　　7. Automobile repairers refer to operators who provide automobile repair and maintenance services.

　　8. End users, as far as automobiles are concerned, refer to the owners of automobiles (subject to the motor vehicle registration certificate) and other persons who have the legal right to use automobiles (such as automobile lessees). As far as after-sales automobile accessories and supplies are concerned, it includes: (1) the owner of the motor vehicle who purchased these products and other people who have the legal right to use the automobile; (2) Repairers who use these products for repair rather than resale.

　　9. Auto parts are classified according to the standards of use, brand, supply channel and quality, including initial parts, double standard parts, after-sales parts, original parts and homogeneous parts.

　　(1) Initial assembly parts refer to the parts used to produce and assemble new cars.

　　(2) Double-label parts refer to the initial assembly parts and after-sales parts marked with the trademarks, logos and part codes of the automobile manufacturer and the parts manufacturer.

　　(3) After-sale accessories refer to products installed in automobiles to replace the parts initially installed in automobiles, including lubricants necessary for automobiles, but excluding fuel.

　　(4) Original spare parts refer to after-sales spare parts provided by automobile suppliers or third parties designated by automobile suppliers, which are manufactured according to the specifications and product standards of automobile parts initially installed by using automobile suppliers’ brands or brands designated by automobile suppliers.

　　(5) Homogeneous parts, also known as parts with equivalent quality, refer to after-sales parts that have obtained relevant certification and the quality is not lower than that of automobile parts initially installed, but do not include original parts.

　　10. Maintenance technical information refers to the technical information necessary for automobile diagnosis, testing and maintenance in order to maintain or restore the technical condition and working ability of the automobile when it leaves the factory, prolong the service life of the automobile and ensure that the automobile meets the requirements of safe and environmentally friendly use.

　　(2) Definition of relevant markets

　　The automobile industry has a long industrial chain and various business types in the upper, middle and lower reaches. The definition of relevant commodity markets and regional markets follows the general principles and methods defined in the Anti-monopoly Law and the Guide of the State Council Anti-monopoly Committee on Defining Relevant Markets, and at the same time, the characteristics of the automobile industry and the specific circumstances of individual cases are considered.

　　The basic basis for defining the relevant market of the automobile industry is substitution analysis. In a case, the demand substitution is firstly investigated, and then the supply substitution is investigated. For example, automobile distribution consists of two parts: wholesale and retail. Wholesale is for automobile suppliers and retail is for end users. According to the specific circumstances of the case, it may be necessary to define automobile wholesale and retail as subdivided related markets respectively; The automobile distribution market can be further subdivided from the perspective of supply substitution and demand substitution.

　　The automobile after-sales market can be further subdivided into after-sales parts distribution market and after-sales maintenance market. In the automobile after-sales market, the after-sales maintenance service of a specific brand and model requires the use of after-sales accessories suitable for the brand and model, based on the maintenance technical information of the specific brand and model. From the perspective of demand substitution and supply substitution, the compatibility and locking effect of automobile aftermarket exist objectively, so automobile brand has become an important related factor to be considered when defining automobile aftermarket.

　　Second, the monopoly agreement

　　(1) Prohibition and exemption of monopoly agreements

　　1. Basic provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law

　　Article 13 of the Anti-Monopoly Law prohibits horizontal monopoly agreements, article 14 prohibits vertical monopoly agreements, and article 15 stipulates the exemption situations and conditions of monopoly agreements. According to Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law, if an operator claims that Article 13 or Article 14 of the Anti-Monopoly Law does not apply to his agreement, he must first prove that his agreement belongs to one of the circumstances listed in Article 15. Secondly, in addition to "to protect the legitimate interests in foreign trade and foreign economic cooperation" and "other circumstances stipulated by law and the State Council", the operator should also prove that his agreement will not seriously restrict the competition in the relevant market and enable consumers to share the benefits arising therefrom.

　　In order to prove that its agreement will not seriously restrict the competition in the relevant market, the operator can evaluate its market power in the relevant market. To evaluate the market power of operators, we can refer to the factors listed in Article 18 of the Anti-Monopoly Law. Evaluating whether an agreement can enable consumers to share the resulting benefits can be investigated from the perspectives of price reduction, quality improvement, technological innovation, technological upgrading, and more choices of products and services.

　　The specific procedures for operators to apply Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law to claim exemption from monopoly agreements shall be stipulated separately by the relevant guidelines of the State Council Anti-Monopoly Committee.

　　2. Presumptive immunity

　　In order to reduce the cost of administrative law enforcement and the compliance cost of operators, this guide lists some situations of geographical restrictions and customer restrictions set by operators who do not have significant market power, and it can be inferred that the provisions of Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law are applicable. Law enforcement practice and theoretical research have proved that these situations can usually improve the quality of distribution services, improve distribution efficiency, enhance the operating efficiency and competitiveness of small and medium-sized dealers, generally do not seriously restrict the competition in relevant markets, and enable consumers to share the benefits arising therefrom, thus meeting the conditions stipulated in Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law.

　　It is not necessarily reasonable, scientific and operable to set a fixed market share standard to evaluate whether operators have significant market power. However, taking the competition evaluation of vertical agreements as an example, law enforcement practice and theoretical research show that it accounts for 25%— Operators with a market share below 30% may be considered as having no significant market power.

　　However, according to the specific circumstances of a case, if there is evidence to prove that the operator’s behavior does not conform to the provisions of Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law, the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency can still apply Article 14 of the Anti-Monopoly Law to the relevant behavior.

　　3. Case exemption

　　In addition to the situations listed in this Guide where Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law can be presumed to be applicable, if an operator claims that Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law can be applied to his agreement, he needs to prove that his agreement meets the statutory conditions of Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law according to the specific circumstances of each case, and judge whether his agreement can be exempted from each case.

　　(2) Horizontal monopoly agreement of automobile industry

　　1. Some types of horizontal agreements, such as research and development agreements, specialization agreements, technical standardization agreements, joint production agreements, joint procurement agreements, etc., can usually improve efficiency and promote competition, which is conducive to increasing consumer welfare. For example, horizontal cooperation agreements in the R&D and production of new energy vehicles can enable competitors to share investment risks, improve efficiency and promote social public interests. Therefore, the automobile business operators who have reached the aforementioned horizontal agreements that can improve efficiency and promote competition can prove that the provisions of Article 13 of the Anti-Monopoly Law are not applicable to their agreements according to Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law.

　　2. Regarding the competition analysis of horizontal monopoly agreements, there is no significant difference between the automobile industry and other industries, so this guide will not further refine it. The anti-monopoly regulation of horizontal monopoly agreements in the automobile industry shall be handled by the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies in the State Council according to the Anti-monopoly Law, the Provisions on Anti-price Monopoly, and the Provisions on Prohibition of Monopoly Agreements by the Administrative Law Enforcement Agencies for Industry and Commerce.

　　(3) Vertical monopoly agreement of automobile industry

　　1. The form of the agreement and the cumulative effect of similar agreements.

　　In practice, vertical agreements can be expressed as direct restrictions, such as the resale price of dealers stipulated in the contract terms; It can also be manifested as indirect restrictions, such as fixing the profit rate and discount level of dealers, canceling rebates, refusing to supply or canceling the authorization agreement in advance for dealers who do not comply with the suggested price through price monitoring.

　　In China automobile market, vertical agreements are mainly embodied in dealer agreements, and may also be reached through commercial policies, circulars, information and notices. Anti-monopoly law pays attention to the effect of behavior rather than the form, and the key to evaluate monopoly behavior is the actual effect of restricting competition. According to its competitive effect, unilateral acts in the form of business policies may be recognized as constituting a vertical monopoly agreement regulated by the Anti-Monopoly Law.

　　Usually, the implementation of vertical agreements by a single operator will limit intra-brand competition and harm the interests of consumers. In particular, when most or even all operators in the relevant market adopt similar vertical agreements, and all kinds of vertical restrictions in the agreements form a network, covering the relevant markets in an all-round way, the binding force of inter-brand competition will be obviously weakened. The cumulative effect caused by similar vertical agreements can significantly limit the competition in related markets, make related products and services priced above the competitive level, and ultimately lead to the loss of consumer welfare.

　　2. Fixed resale price and limited minimum resale price

　　Article 14 of the Anti-Monopoly Law explicitly prohibits the fixed resale price and the limited minimum resale price with obvious competitive effect. The negative effects of vertical price restrictions are mainly manifested in maintaining high prices, promoting horizontal and vertical collusion, weakening inter-brand competition and intra-brand competition, and excluding competitors.

　　Of course, according to the principle of case analysis, if the operator can prove that these price restrictions will not seriously restrict the competition in the relevant market and enable consumers to share the benefits arising therefrom, the operator can claim case exemption for the fixed resale price and the limited minimum resale price according to Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law.

　　In practice, the common situations in which automobile industry operators advocate the vertical price restriction of case exemption based on Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law include:

　　(1) Fixed resale price and limited minimum resale price during the promotion period of new energy vehicles.

　　In order to save energy, protect the environment and avoid "service hitchhiking", during the promotion period of new energy vehicles, it is necessary to fix the resale price and limit the minimum resale price in a short period (for example, within 9 months from the date when the automobile supplier issues the first batch invoice for a specific vehicle) to encourage dealers to promote new energy products, increase sales efforts and expand the market demand for new products, thus promoting the successful listing of new products and giving consumers more choices.

　　(2) resale price limit in the sales of dealers who only assume the role of middlemen.

　　Dealer sales, which only assume the role of middleman, refers to the sales of car suppliers and specific third parties or specific end customers (such as employees of car suppliers and dealers, major customers, advertising and sponsors, etc.) through direct negotiation, and only through authorized dealers to complete the sales of car delivery, collection and invoicing. In these transactions, authorized dealers only play the role of middlemen to help complete the transactions, which is different from full-fledged dealers.

　　(3) resale price restrictions in government procurement

　　In practice, government procurement projects usually require automobile suppliers participating in joint bid to provide consistent or fixed retail price quotations after coordination with their dealers. For nationwide procurement projects, government procurement departments sometimes directly contact automobile suppliers, who have no direct sales or retail licenses and need to reach an agreement with specific dealers on retail prices in order to realize their quotations for government procurement. Similar to dealer sales that only assume the role of middleman, dealers in government procurement are different from dealers in full sense if they only assist in completing the transaction.

　　(4) the resale price limit in e-commerce sales of automobile suppliers.

　　The pricing behavior in e-commerce sales is governed by the Anti-Monopoly Law, the Anti-Price Monopoly Provisions and other laws and regulations. However, in practice, automobile suppliers sell cars at a uniform price for a certain period of time through e-commerce platforms, and directly reach a deal with unspecified end users, and only complete the sales of delivery, collection, invoicing and other trading links through dealers. In these e-commerce transactions, dealers only assume the role of middlemen to help complete the transaction, which is different from the dealers in full sense.

　　3. Suggested price, guided price and limited maximum price

　　It is usually efficient for automobile suppliers to set suggested prices, guided prices or maximum prices for reselling automobiles and automobile after-sales accessories and supplies to dealers and repairers, and to set suggested prices, guided prices or maximum prices for after-sales service working hours to dealers and repairers, and these behaviors generally do not exclude or restrict competition.

　　However, if, due to the pressure or encouragement of one party to the agreement, the suggested price, the guided price or the highest price are executed by most or all dealers, and the substantial effect is equivalent to the fixed resale price or the minimum resale price, these behaviors may be identified as fixed resale price or the minimum resale price according to the specific circumstances of each case.

　　4. Geographical restrictions and customer restrictions

　　Geographical restriction means that the supplier promises to supply one or several dealers in a specific distribution area, and the dealers promise not to sell in other distribution areas. Customer restriction means that the supplier restricts the distributor to sell the goods only to specific customers or not.

　　Geographical restrictions and customer restrictions may weaken intra-brand competition, divide the market and encourage price discrimination. Effective geographical restrictions and customer restrictions make it difficult for other distributors to obtain supplies, hinder the promotion of more efficient new distribution models, and keep the prices of goods and services at a high level. However, sometimes geographical restrictions and customer restrictions can also improve distribution efficiency. For example, when dealers need to make specific investments to protect and establish brand image, geographical restrictions can produce significant efficiency.

　　(1) The geographical restrictions and customer restrictions set by automobile operators who do not have significant market power are efficient and justified, and can usually meet the provisions of Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law, which can be applied. The foregoing situations mainly include:

　　It is agreed that the distributor will only conduct distribution activities in its business premises, but it will not restrict the passive sales of the distributor or cross-supply between distributors.

　　Passive sales refer to the delivery of goods or services to individual customers at their request without active marketing. For example, the behavior of consumers in a place to buy a car in b place is the passive sales of dealers.

　　Compared with traditional sales methods, e-commerce sales are aimed at a wider and more diverse customer base. If a customer browses the dealer’s website or the third party’s website and contacts the dealer, and the contact leads to a sales transaction, the sales will be regarded as passive sales. For the information sent by the distributor to an unspecified audience through its own or third-party website, if the customer actively chooses to accept it (for example, subscribing to the promotion information of the distributor online) and actively contacts the distributor to generate a sales transaction, the transaction will be regarded as the passive sales of the distributor. However, if the distributor sends out advertisements or promotional information to a specific audience, such acts will constitute active sales.

　　Restrict dealers from actively selling exclusive territory or exclusive customers reserved by automobile suppliers for another dealer.

　　Restrict wholesalers from selling directly to end users.

　　In order to prevent accessories from being used by customers to produce the same products as automobile suppliers, dealers are restricted from selling accessories to such customers.

　　It is not necessarily reasonable, scientific and operable to set a fixed market share standard for evaluating the market power of operators. However, taking the competition evaluation of vertical agreements as an example, law enforcement practice and theoretical research show that operators who occupy less than 25%-30% of the relevant market share may be considered as having no significant market power.

　　(2) The following four types of geographical restrictions and customer restrictions can usually severely restrict competition, lead to high prices and reduce consumers’ choices, so the provisions of Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law cannot be directly applied. Automobile business operators who engage in the following acts may claim individual exemption if they can prove that their acts conform to the provisions of Article 15 of the Anti-Monopoly Law.

　　Restrict the passive sales of dealers.

　　Restrict cross-supply between dealers.

　　Restrict dealers and repairers from selling accessories needed for automobile maintenance services to end users.

　　Except in the case of OEM agreement, automobile manufacturers reach an agreement with suppliers of accessories, repair tools, testing instruments or other equipment to restrict such suppliers from selling relevant accessories, repair tools, testing instruments or other equipment to dealers, repairers or end users. For the determination of the OEM agreement, please refer to Appendix (1) of this Guide.

　　5. Indirect vertical restrictions are imposed on after-sales maintenance services and parts circulation through warranty clauses.

　　For the maintenance work and replacement parts within the warranty scope, the automobile supplier usually requires the automobile end user to use the original parts in the authorized maintenance network to complete the maintenance work. However, by indirectly imposing unreasonable vertical restrictions on after-sales service and after-sales parts circulation through warranty clauses, independent repairers can be excluded, parts supply and distribution channels can be reduced, and finally the price of automobile maintenance services can be increased.

　　The unreasonable vertical restrictions mentioned above include but are not limited to:

　　(1) As a condition for the automobile supplier to fulfill the warranty responsibility, the automobile supplier shall hand over all the maintenance work that is not covered by the warranty by the automobile end user to the authorized maintenance network;

　　(2) For after-sales parts that are not covered by the warranty, the automobile supplier requires to use the original parts as a condition for fulfilling the warranty responsibility;

　　(3) Automobile suppliers have no justifiable reason to restrict their maintenance network to provide after-sales maintenance services for parallel imported cars.

　　6. Other vertical restrictions on the ability of dealers and repairers to sell and serve.

　　The following vertical restrictions imposed by automobile suppliers through agreements and business policies may improperly restrict the sales and service capabilities of dealers and repairers. If they lead to significant elimination and restriction of competition, increase the price of automobile distribution and maintenance channels and harm the interests of consumers, the relevant agreements and business policies may be recognized as vertical monopoly agreements regulated by the Anti-Monopoly Law.

　　(1) The automobile supplier forces the dealers or repairers to tie up the cars, after-sales parts, fine products, consumables, repair tools, testing instruments, etc. that they have not ordered.

　　Tying by suppliers to distributors is a vertical restriction, which may lead to exclusive purchase obligation of tying products, thus excluding competition in tying products market.

　　(2) Automobile suppliers force dealers or repairers to accept unreasonable sales targets, inventory varieties and quantities of automobiles or after-sales parts.

　　Suppliers and distributors can agree on the sales target, inventory variety and quantity of contract products through equal consultation. However, suppliers unilaterally set and force dealers to accept unreasonable sales targets, inventory varieties and quantities, which may lead dealers to assume exclusive purchase obligations of contract products, thus excluding competition in relevant markets.

　　(3) The automobile supplier compels the dealer to bear the expenses of advertising, auto show and other publicity in the name of the automobile supplier, or compels the dealer to carry out advertising at his own expense in a specific way and in a specific media.

　　Automobile suppliers usually agree with dealers to participate in joint promotion and marketing activities and ask dealers to share reasonable expenses. In addition, in order to ensure the overall effect of brand promotion, automobile suppliers usually set reasonable quality standards for dealers to select media. However, forcing dealers to bear the promotion expenses in the name of automobile suppliers, or restricting the specific ways and media for dealers to carry out advertising, may unduly limit dealers’ ability to decide their own promotion and marketing activities, indirectly increase the cost of distribution and after-sales channels, and ultimately increase the burden on consumers.

　　(4) Automobile suppliers restrict dealers and repairers to use only the services of specific paid design units or construction units, or restrict dealers and repairers to use only specific brands, suppliers and supply channels for building materials, general equipment, information management systems and office facilities.

　　In order to ensure the brand image, automobile suppliers usually stipulate or stipulate quality standards for the design, decoration and office facilities of dealers and repairers’ business premises through agreements or business policies. In addition, based on the consideration of intellectual property protection, automobile suppliers usually specify the procurement channels of their automobile brand logos. However, it is usually not necessary to restrict the design of business premises and office facilities to specific third-party brands, suppliers and supply channels to ensure the brand image of automobiles. Such restrictions may unduly restrict the competition in relevant markets and indirectly increase the cost of distribution and after-sales channels.

　　(5) When the automobile supplier refuses to supply or terminates the distribution agreement in advance, it shall clearly list the reasons.

　　In order to prevent automobile suppliers from refusing to supply to dealers or terminating the distribution agreement in advance without justifiable reasons, such as refusing to implement the minimum resale price set by automobile suppliers, purchasing original parts and homogeneous parts from channels other than automobile suppliers for after-sales maintenance, etc., the notice of automobile suppliers refusing to supply or terminating the distribution agreement in advance shall clearly list the reasons.

　　Iii. Abuse of dominant market position

　　Article 17 of the Anti-Monopoly Law prohibits the abuse of market dominance, including unfair high prices and low prices, as well as selling goods below the cost price without justifiable reasons, refusing to trade, restricting trading, tying and attaching other unreasonable trading conditions, and differential treatment.

　　At present, the competition in China’s new car sales market is fierce, but the lock-in effect and compatibility problems in the after-sales market may limit and weaken the effective competition in the after-sales market and harm the interests of consumers. In defining the automobile aftermarket in a case, automobile brand is an important related factor to be considered. According to the definition of market dominance in Article 17 of the Anti-Monopoly Law and the factors that should be based on in Article 18 of the Anti-Monopoly Law, automobile suppliers who do not have a dominant position in the new car sales market may be identified as having a dominant position in the after-sales market of their brand cars.

　　(A) after-sales parts production

　　Except for the parts produced according to the OEM agreement, the automobile manufacturers that have a dominant position in the after-sales market of their brand cars should not restrict the production of "double-labeled parts" for the accessory manufacturers that initially installed automobiles without justifiable reasons. That is to say, automobile manufacturers should not reach an agreement with the parts manufacturers who provide them with initial parts, and prohibit the latter from affixing their own trademarks, logos and part codes on the initial parts of automobiles. Double standard parts aim to improve the ability of consumers and repairers to identify homogeneous parts and promote effective competition in the automotive aftermarket.

　　For the determination of the OEM agreement, please refer to Appendix (1) of this Guide.

　　(2) Supply and circulation of after-sales parts

　　Automobile manufacturers that have a dominant position in the after-sales market of their brand cars should not restrict the supply and circulation of after-sales parts without justifiable reasons, including:

　　1. Restrict dealers and repairers from purchasing after-sales parts, that is, restrict dealers and repairers from purchasing homogeneous parts or original parts (including parallel imported parts) from other channels.

　　Suppliers who do not have a dominant market position set exclusive purchase obligations for their distribution channels for a certain period, which can improve the quality standards of distribution networks, help to establish and maintain brand image, improve the attractiveness of brands to end consumers and increase sales. However, if there are obvious barriers to entry or expansion in the relevant market, the exclusive procurement obligation may block competitive suppliers, weaken the incentive mechanism for innovation, raise the price of goods in distribution channels and limit consumers’ choices.

　　In practice, automobile suppliers, which have a dominant position in the after-sales market of their brand cars, impose unreasonable sales quantity targets, inventory varieties and quantities on dealers, which can usually substantially restrict dealers and repairers from purchasing accessories.

　　However, automobile suppliers have the right to require their authorized system members to use only original and homogeneous parts, and to require their authorized system members to ensure consumers’ right to know and the traceability of parts. Automobile suppliers also have the right to claim that members of the authorization system can use remanufactured parts and recycled parts in maintenance work only when consumers know and clearly choose and ensure the traceability of accessories. The above situation does not affect the civil liability of authorized dealers, authorized repairers and parts suppliers.

　　2. Restrict accessories suppliers, distributors and repairers from exporting after-sales accessories, including:

　　(1) Except for the parts produced according to the OEM agreement, all parts are required to be "returned to the factory", that is, parts suppliers are restricted from supplying parts with their own brands to the after-sales channels;

　　(2) Restrict the cross-supply of after-sales parts between dealers, between repairers and between dealers and repairers;

　　(3) Restrict dealers and repairers from selling accessories needed for automobile maintenance services to end users.

　　(3) Availability of maintenance technical information, test instruments and maintenance tools

　　Automobile after-sales maintenance usually needs to be completed by qualified technicians based on the technical information of specific brands of automobiles. Automobile suppliers are usually the only source of all maintenance technical information of their brand cars. If the repairer can’t get the necessary technical information for testing, repairing and replacing automobile parts, the maintenance service it provides may lead to dangerous driving, high emissions and air pollution. At the same time, the market position of repairers is squeezed, which leads to the reduction of maintenance channels, the increase of automobile maintenance prices and the limited choice of consumers.

　　Effective competition in the automobile after-sales market needs to ensure the availability of after-sales maintenance technical information, as well as the availability of test instruments and maintenance tools. Therefore, automobile suppliers that have a dominant position in the aftermarket of their brand automobiles should not restrict the availability of maintenance technical information, test instruments and maintenance tools without justifiable reasons, including:

　　1. Restrict the rights and channels for the repairer to obtain the technical information of automobile maintenance of a specific brand;

　　2. To reach an agreement with suppliers of repair tools, testing instruments or other equipment to restrict such suppliers from selling relevant repair tools, testing instruments or other equipment to dealers and repairers.

　　Fourth, the concentration of operators

　　The Anti-Monopoly Law prohibits business operators from implementing concentration that has or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition. There is no significant difference between the automobile industry and other industries in the competitive analysis of operator concentration.

　　The anti-monopoly review on the concentration of automobile operators shall be handled by the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies in the State Council according to the Anti-monopoly Law, the Interim Provisions on Evaluating the Impact of Concentration of Operators, the Provisions on Additional Restrictive Conditions for Concentration of Operators (for Trial Implementation) and other laws and regulations.

　　In the anti-monopoly review of automobile operators, this guide explains and guides the automobile monopoly agreement and the abuse of market dominance, which is of reference significance for the anti-monopoly review of automobile operators.

　　V. Abuse of administrative power to exclude or restrict competition

　　The Anti-Monopoly Law prohibits administrative organs and organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs from abusing administrative power to exclude or restrict competition.

　　Abuse of administrative power to exclude or restrict competition in the automobile market shall be dealt with by the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies in the State Council according to the Anti-monopoly Law, the Provisions on Anti-price Monopoly, and the Provisions of the Administration for Industry and Commerce on Stopping Abuse of Administrative Power to Exclude and Restrict Competition.

　　Abuse of administrative power in automobile trading excludes and restricts competitive behavior, which hinders the healthy development of automobile market and harms consumers’ interests. For example, the abuse of administrative rights in second-hand car trading excludes and restricts competition, which is not conducive to green recycling consumption and the sustainable development of the automobile market. It also limits the rights and interests of car owners to dispose of property rights, prolongs the cycle of changing cars for consumers, and indirectly affects the new car sales market.

　　Therefore, administrative organs and organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage automobile circulation affairs should not violate the provisions of Chapter V of the Anti-Monopoly Law to exclude or restrict competition, including but not limited to:

　　(a) to formulate regulations that restrict the access to the automobile market and the free circulation of automobiles;

　　(2) Restricting or disguised restricting operators from operating automobile business by setting business opening conditions or qualification requirements with the effect of excluding and restricting competition;

　　(3) Restricting or restricting in disguised form the purchase, lease and use of the automobile trading system, facilities and business premises provided by its designated operators;

　　(four) the behavior of restricting the movement of used cars, that is, the second-hand cars must be traded at the place where the vehicles are registered;

　　(five) to restrict the second-hand car trading, the invoice must be issued by the second-hand car trading market.

　　VI. Supplementary Provisions

　　(A) the identification of the OEM agreement

　　OEM agreement, also known as entrustment processing agreement, agency processing contract, contracting contract and OEM processing contract in practice, means that the entrusting party provides the necessary technology and equipment for the entrusted party, and the entrusted party produces products, provides services or completes the work for the entrusting party.

　　If the parts manufacturer uses the intellectual property rights of the automobile manufacturer to process the automobile parts according to the requirements of the automobile manufacturer, the relationship between the automobile manufacturer and the parts manufacturer is entrusted processing, and an OEM agreement is reached. There are significant differences between OEM agreement and parts supply agreement between parts manufacturers and automobile manufacturers who use their own intellectual property rights.

　　Whether an agreement constitutes a real OEM agreement needs to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and it can be determined after evaluating the substantive content of the agreement, rather than directly according to the form of the agreement. In short, if the technology and equipment provided by the automobile manufacturer (the entrusting party) are necessary for the parts manufacturer (the entrusted party) to produce contract products or provide contract services under reasonable conditions according to the requirements of the automobile manufacturer, then the parts manufacturer’s identity is "OEM" and is not regarded as an independent parts supplier in the market.

　　However, when an automobile manufacturer provides tools, intellectual property rights or know-how to an accessory manufacturer, if the accessory manufacturer already has such tools, intellectual property rights or know-how that can be used independently or can obtain such tools, intellectual property rights or know-how on reasonable terms, the technology and equipment of the automobile manufacturer are not necessary for the accessory manufacturer to perform the agreement. For example, if the automobile manufacturer only provides the general descriptive information of the contract products, but restricts the accessory manufacturer from supplying accessories to the aftermarket under its own brand name, the automobile manufacturer essentially deprives the accessory manufacturer of the possibility of expanding business in the areas related to the agreement, and excludes and restricts the competition in the relevant markets, which may lead to high prices and reduce consumers’ choices.

　　Specific factors that can be considered in evaluating "technology or equipment necessary for producing contract products or providing contract services" include but are not limited to:

　　1. Intellectual property rights owned or disposed of by the entrusting party, including: invention patents, utility models, copyrighted designs, registered designs or other intellectual property rights;

　　2. Proprietary technologies such as production processes owned or disposed of by the entrusting party;

　　3. Research reports, plans and other documents prepared by the entrusting party to match the information provided by it.

　　(two) the entry into force, update and supplement of the guide

　　This guide will be implemented on * * *. The Anti-monopoly Committee of the State Council will continue to investigate and evaluate the overall competition situation in China’s automobile market, and update and supplement this guide according to the development trend of China’s automobile industry.

　　Today, there is continuous precipitation in many places. The China Meteorological Bureau launched a four-level emergency response, and the Central Meteorological Observatory continuously issued a yellow rainstorm warning and a blue severe convective weather warning.

　　China Meteorological Bureau launched a four-level emergency response

　　Strong convective warning of heavy rain strikes

　　On the 11th, the China Meteorological Bureau issued an order to immediately enter the four-level emergency response state. Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and the provincial meteorological bureaus that may be affected shall start or adjust the corresponding emergency response according to the actual judgment, and guide the municipal (county, district) meteorological bureaus to issue short-term and imminent warnings in time.

　　At 10: 00, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow rainstorm warning.

　　It is estimated that there will be heavy rains in central and eastern Shanxi, most of Hebei, central and western Shandong, northern Henan, Beijing, Tianjin and other places from 14: 00 on the 11th to 14: 00 on the 12th, with heavy rains (100-220mm) in some areas. It is also accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation (the maximum hourly rainfall is 30 to 60 mm, and the local area can reach about 100 mm) and gusts of about 8, and the local gusts can reach 10 to 11.

　　At 10 o’clock, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning of strong convective weather.

　　It is estimated that there will be 8-10 thunderstorm gale or hail weather in parts of central and eastern Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, central and western Shandong, eastern Peninsula, north-central and eastern Henan from 14: 00 on the 11th to 14: 00 on the 12th, and the local thunderstorm gale will exceed 11.

　　There will be short-term heavy rainfall in parts of central and southern Inner Mongolia, western Liaoning, central and southern Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, central and northern Henan, western Hubei, northeastern and southern Sichuan, Chongqing, and southeastern Guangxi. The hourly rainfall is 30 to 60 mm, and the local area can reach more than 80 mm. It is estimated that the main influence period of strong convection is from this afternoon to tomorrow.

　　Yellow warning of continuous rainstorm and strong wind in Beijing

　　Precipitation process or over 30 hours

　　On the 11th, the Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow rainstorm warning. It is estimated that from 17: 00 on the 11th to 08: 00 on the 13th, there will be torrential rain in Beijing, with the cumulative rainfall of 60-100mm in the whole city, 100-150mm in the western and northern areas, and 200-300mm in some places. There are risks of secondary disasters such as floods, mountain torrents and geological disasters in small and medium-sized rivers induced by heavy rainfall in mountainous areas and shallow mountainous areas, and water accumulation is easy to occur in low-lying urban areas. Please take precautions.

　　It is reported that this rainfall process has the characteristics of long duration, large accumulated rainfall, strong wind force and obvious convection characteristics, and the whole rainfall process is expected to last for more than 30 hours.

　　In addition, the Beijing Meteorological Observatory also issued a yellow warning of strong winds. It is estimated that from 0: 00 to 23: 00 on the 12th, there will be about 5 easterly winds in most parts of Beijing, and the gust can reach about 9.

　　Sichuan Dazhou launched Class I flood control emergency response.

　　The city bus stopped running.

　　Affected by the heavy rainfall in Bazhong City and Dazhou City of Sichuan Province in the upper reaches of Qujiang River, it is predicted that floods exceeding the warning level will occur in the main streams of Qujiang River and Bahe River. At present, the Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters of Dazhou City, Sichuan Province has started Class I flood control emergency response.

　　On the 11th, Dazhou Public Transport Co., Ltd. announced that it would suspend the operation of city bus lines.

　　On the 11th, due to the continuous heavy rainfall, the rainfall in Dazhou-Sanhui Town Station of Xiangyu Railway, Dazhou-Dafeng Station of Dawan Railway and Tuxi Station of Dacheng Railway exceeded the standard. In order to ensure the safe operation of the train, the railway department blocked the inspection of this section, and the passenger trains passing through it will be delayed to varying degrees.

　　Producer Ma Wenjia

　　Editor-in-Chief Shu Peng

　　Reporter Huang Li Zhang Jing Wang Shengdong Ji Lele

　　Editor Zhang Ang Cui Zhilin

　　Chinanews. com client Beijing December 20th (Reporter Zhang Xu) Sigh, anxiety and busyness … … With the approaching of the official implementation date (January 1, 2021) of the new policy of regulating the number of passenger cars in Beijing, everyone involved has been mobilized, which can be said that some people are happy and others are worried.

　　Cars running on the urban roads in Beijing. Zhongxin. com reporter Cheng Chunyu

　　The way to rent and sell "Beijing brand" will be gone.

　　"A business friend I know bought nine minivans and nine Beijing brands that year." Mr. Lu, the owner of the car, told the reporter of Zhongxin. com that one of his bosses who is not registered in Beijing and is engaged in fruit wholesale business has been increasing his income by renting and selling license plates for many years. "Nine cars are all Beijing brands. He has been waiting for the appreciation of these years."

　　In recent years, due to the continuous decline in the lottery winning rate of Beijing passenger cars, the business of "renting Beijing brand" has continued to be hot in Beijing, and the restrictions on foreign-brand vehicles in Beijing have also caused the price of Beijing brand to rise.

　　According to reports, the current offer for renting a Beijing brand is about 12,000 yuan per year, but if you really want to rent it, you need to pay additional money such as deposit and security deposit. A middleman can earn 5,000-6,000 yuan for a Beijing brand. Therefore, the actual price of renting Beijing brand for one year has reached about 20 thousand yuan.

　　However, in the face of the New Deal, the road to renting Beijing brand has been blocked. In February 2020, the General Office of Beijing Municipal Government issued the Action Plan for Comprehensive Traffic Management in Beijing in 2020, which intensified the crackdown on the illegal activities of renting and selling passenger cars. The passenger car index confirmation notice is only used by the index owner. If there is any act of buying, selling, renting or renting, lending or borrowing the passenger car index confirmation notice, the index management institution will announce that the index is invalid.

　　"Coupled with the New Deal next year, his Beijing brand business is estimated to be impossible. His family has no household registration and cannot transfer indicators. So many brands must be in their hands." Mr. Lu said.

　　On December 7, the newly revised Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing were officially announced. The New Deal tilted towards car-free families and promoted the orderly withdrawal of the second and more passenger cars registered in this city under the name of individuals. The New Deal will be implemented on January 1, 2021.

　　In other words, there can only be one passenger car indicator under each person’s name, which is the license plate. If there are multiple license plates in the name and there are no eligible transfer objects, the extra license plates will be invalidated together when the vehicle is scrapped.

　　There is a long queue of cars in Beijing used car market. Zhongxin.com reporter Zhang Xu photo

　　Queue up late at night to ensure the index, and the transfer of used cars has surged.

　　According to the New Deal, as long as the vehicle transfer, transfer or cancellation registration has been completed before December 31, 2020, you can apply for updating the indicators at any time in the future.

　　In addition, the relevant car owners do not need to apply for updating the indicators before the implementation of the New Deal, and there is no longer a time limit for applying for updating the indicators within 12 months after the implementation of the New Deal. However, once the application is obtained, the index is still valid for 12 months. If the vehicle under his name is sold or scrapped after January 1, 2021, only one of the vehicles can apply for the updated index.

　　The reporter visited and found that many car owners rushed to sell old cars and buy new cars before the implementation of the New Deal to extend the service life of the indicators. As the date of the implementation of the New Deal is getting closer and closer, the transfer of ownership has become a top priority for car owners with related needs. The reporter learned from a number of interviewees that it even takes more than 24 hours to queue up to transfer to the Beijing Huaxiang used car trading market recently.

　　"At the Huaxiang Market at two o’clock in the morning, queue up late at night to guarantee the indicators!" "If you want to transfer, you have to fill up the oil and come back. Don’t catch a cold for 24 hours. It took an hour to walk 10 meters. " "Huaxiang used car transfer, lined up for a few kilometers … …”

　　Netizens said that vehicle transfer needs to be queued late at night. Weibo screenshot

　　"The New Deal is coming, my dad is going to transfer an indicator to me, let me buy one quickly, and I will come and look at the second-hand one." In Beijing Huaxiang used car market, a young customer said to the salesperson. The staff said that after the release of the New Deal, the number of people who came to the store to see cars increased significantly, and more than half of them were young people who got indicators from their parents.

　　Mr. Zhang, a citizen holding two passenger car indicators at the transfer site, is anxious to find a buyer for an extra car. Mr. Zhang admits that there are also indicators under the names of relatives, and he can only choose to sell the old car at the end of this year to make room for indicators, so that he can buy two new cars after the implementation of the New Deal.

　　In response to Mr. Zhang’s situation, the customer service staff of the Beijing Passenger Car Indicators Control and Management Office said that if an individual has two indicators and two cars are sold this year, after the indicators are vacant, the two indicators can still buy two new cars after the implementation of the New Deal. However, if the vehicles under the two indicators are sold after the implementation of the New Deal, only one new car can be updated according to the requirements of the new regulations.

　　In response to the surge in transfer business, the Beijing used car market has also started a seven-day work week model. On the basis of maintaining the original Monday-Saturday transfer, we will open the Sunday transfer business, and continue to handle it on December 13 and December 20, with the same acceptance time as other working days.

　　Huaxiang used car trading market opened on Sunday to accept vehicle transfer business. Weibo screenshot

　　The huge market demand makes the agency earn a lot of money. "Everyone is anxious to buy a car, and it is no problem to trade more than a dozen mid-to high-end used cars a day recently." A staff member of a used car brokerage company said.

　　It’s just that the money doesn’t seem to be easy to earn. Lv Tianyi, who has gone through the formalities of licensing a new car, said that when looking for an agency, the cost of licensing a new car is around 1,500 yuan, while that of a used car ranges from 1,500 yuan to 3,000 yuan, which will be charged according to the condition of the used car, whether it has been modified or decorated, and so on.

　　"In the first half of this year, business was generally not good. Recently, I saw that my former colleagues in the circle of friends were very busy, and they were all queuing for transfer. The business was really good, but it was really not easy in the cold weather."

　　There are too many people selling cars, and some used cars have fallen by tens of thousands of yuan.

　　With the surge in the number of used car transfers, the price of used cars is also falling.

　　On December 17th, after more than a week’s consultation, Dai Nan, the owner of Chaoyang District, finally made up his mind to sell his Magotan, which had only been in operation for two or three years. Half a year ago, after seeing the news of pushing the second license plate under his personal name to withdraw in an orderly manner, he considered what to do with the car, but he never made a move. As a result, as soon as the New Deal landed, the quotation of used car dealers was immediately reduced by more than 10,000 yuan.

　　In fact, it is not a case for car owners to encounter underpricing. Many car owners said on social media and forums that before and after the release of the New Deal, the price of cars was reduced by several thousand yuan to tens of thousands of yuan. The answer given by the car dealer is very straightforward: "When the New Deal comes out, the indicators will be invalidated if they can’t be updated. The market is like this, and the price is already ok. If you don’t sell it, some people will sell it."

　　Parking lot of a shopping mall in Haidian District, Beijing. Zhongxin.com reporter Zhang Xu photo

　　In order to sell a Mercedes R350 in his hand, Mr. Li asked a number of used car dealers in Beijing, but the price never reached expectations. "I am anxious to sell cars recently, but the used car dealers only give 150,000 yuan, which is much lower than I thought."

　　"If a month ago, the price of this car should be more than 180,000 yuan." A second-hand car dealer said that now car owners are anxious to sell cars, and the source of cars is increasing. Second-hand car dealers also have to look at the market. At present, the prices of high, medium and low-end models have generally declined compared with a month ago.

　　Used car dealers also have their own troubles. "We have to look at the market when we collect cars. The price of high-end models has not dropped much, and the price of low-end models has been reduced by almost 20%. Many of the cars sold are older models of National III and National IV, which can no longer be sold in Beijing and need to be moved to areas with looser emission standards. The owner feels that we are pushing down the price too much, but it is not easy for us. The market is like this. Transfer and relocation are all costs and have to be counted. " A used car dealer said.

　　It is worth noting that the lack of indicators of some used car dealers has also become one of the reasons for the decline in car prices. "Many of us are also personal indicators for renting. These cars must be sold this year, otherwise they will all be in their hands."

　　A BMW 4S shop in Haidian District, Beijing. Zhongxin.com reporter Zhang Xu photo

　　Selling old ones for new ones, it is hard to find a car for popular models in 4S shops.

　　Also affected by the market is Mr. Zhang who wants to replace Ollie A6L. At the end of last year, car dealers offered more discounts, but more cars were sold and more cars were bought. This year, the discount was reduced.

　　The new Audi A6L car that Mr. Zhang took a fancy to, after ten days’ hard work, the terminal discount was reduced from 20% to 14%, and the price of the old car was suppressed, which added up to nearly 40,000 yuan more than expected.

　　"Many popular models are even hard to find a car." According to CCTV’s financial report, I visited a number of 4S shops selling cars in Beijing. The staff said that many car owners recently chose to buy new cars immediately after selling their old cars or scrapping their vehicles. Therefore, some popular models in the store have been sold out, and some even have a small price increase.

　　According to the Voice of China report of the Central Radio and Television General Station, the supply of new cars in 4S stores is in short supply, and the sales of 4S stores have said that many hot-selling models are not available now, and even the prototype cars in some exhibition halls are sold out.

　　"Maybe everyone didn’t study the policy that just came out, and they were anxious to buy a car and settle down." Some insiders said that in fact, as long as the vehicle transfer, transfer or cancellation registration has been completed during the period from January 1 to December 31, 2020, you can apply for updating indicators at any time in the future, and you don’t need to apply for updating indicators before the implementation of the New Deal. (End)

Wan Jiao Mi Cai [2019] No.171

Municipalities, counties (districts) Education Bureau, Statistics Bureau and Finance Bureau:

According to the statistical report of education funds in 2018 reported by all localities, after statistical analysis, the implementation of education funds statistics in cities and counties (districts) in 2018 is announced as follows:

First, the province’s education funds

In 2018, the total investment in education in the province was 150.118 billion yuan, an increase of 9.16% over the previous year’s 137.516 billion yuan. Among them, the financial education funds (mainly including the education funds arranged by the general public budget, the education funds arranged by the government funds, the funds allocated by enterprises in running schools, and the funds used for education from the income of school-run industries and social services, etc.) were 123.152 billion yuan, an increase of 8.02% over the previous year’s 114.005 billion yuan.

Second, the general public budget for education funds

(A) the province’s general public budget for education funding growth

In 2018, the province’s general public budget for education (including education expenses, infrastructure expenses and education surcharge) was 111.149 billion yuan, an increase of 9.77% over the previous year’s 101.252 billion yuan. Among them, the central and provincial financial education funds were 30.717 billion yuan, an increase of 11.41% over the previous year’s 27.570 billion yuan.

(B) the growth of education funds in the general public budget for all levels of education students.

In 2018, the growth of the average public budget for education in kindergartens, ordinary primary schools, ordinary junior high schools, ordinary senior high schools, secondary vocational schools and ordinary colleges and universities in the province is as follows:

1. The kindergarten in the whole province is 5769.00 yuan, an increase of 18.88% over the previous year’s 4852.87 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Huaibei has the fastest growth (with an increase of 59.58%); Among the counties (cities, districts, excluding the city level, the same below), Wangjiang County of Anqing City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 426.00%).

2. The average primary school in the province was 10,419.13 yuan, up 7.78% from 9,666.92 yuan in the previous year. Among the 16 cities, Huaibei has the fastest growth (with an increase of 25.36%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Lu ‘an Economic and Technological Development Zone in Lu ‘an City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 83.02%).

3. The average junior high school in the province is 16,214.80 yuan, up 11.19% from 14,582.36 yuan in the previous year. Among the 16 cities, Tongling has the fastest growth (with an increase of 37.96%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Lu ‘an Economic and Technological Development Zone in Lu ‘an City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 114.01%).

4. The average senior high school in the province is 13,374.66 yuan, up 10.93% from 12,057.01 yuan in the previous year. Among the 16 cities, Fuyang has the fastest growth (with an increase of 32.95%); Among the counties (cities, districts), jieshou city, Fuyang City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 466.36%).

5. The province’s secondary vocational schools were 14,839.15 yuan, up 13.08% from 13,123.28 yuan in the previous year. Among the 16 cities, Hefei has the fastest growth (with an increase of 53.92%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Huaining County in Anqing City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 89.93%).

6. The average colleges and universities in the province were 15,913.66 yuan, up 1.6% from 15,662.54 yuan in the previous year. Among the 16 cities, Chizhou has the fastest growth (with an increase of 10.38%).

(three) the growth of education expenditure per student at all levels in the general public budget.

In 2018, the average public budget expenditure for education in kindergartens, ordinary primary schools, ordinary junior high schools, ordinary senior high schools, secondary vocational schools and ordinary colleges and universities in the province is as follows:

1. The kindergarten in the whole province is 5377.62 yuan, up 21.57% from 4423.33 yuan in the previous year. Among them, the rural area was 4639.17 yuan, an increase of 24.21% over the previous year’s 3735.04 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Huaibei has the fastest growth (with an increase of 55.89%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Hefei New Station High-tech Industrial Development Zone in Hefei City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 266.45%).

2. The average primary school in the province was 9,850.91 yuan, up 9.02% from 9,035.59 yuan in the previous year. Among them, the rural area was 9815.58 yuan, an increase of 6.92% over the previous year’s 9180.53 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Huaibei has the fastest growth (with an increase of 25.24%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Lu ‘an Economic and Technological Development Zone in Lu ‘an City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 68.22%).

3. The average junior high school in the province is 15,021.25 yuan, up 13.46% from 13,239.49 yuan in the previous year. Among them, the rural area was 14960.81 yuan, an increase of 11.56% over the previous year’s 13410.23 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Tongling has the fastest growth (with an increase of 34.75%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Lu ‘an Economic and Technological Development Zone in Lu ‘an City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 124.37%).

4. The average senior high school in the province is 11,954.00 yuan, up 16.05% from 10,300.82 yuan in the previous year. Among them, the rural area was 11403.12 yuan, an increase of 16.91% over the previous year’s 9753.76 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Tongling has the fastest growth (with an increase of 42.93%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Lieshan District of Huaibei City has the fastest growth (an increase of 78.45%).

5. The secondary vocational schools in the province were 11,895.19 yuan, an increase of 8.28% over the previous year’s 10,985.90 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Tongling has the fastest growth (with an increase of 38.60%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Lixin County of Bozhou City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 97.32%).

6. The average colleges and universities in the province are 15,466.38 yuan, up 7.48% from 14,389.81 yuan in the previous year. Among the 16 cities, Huainan has the fastest growth (with an increase of 56.89%).

(four) the growth of public expenditure in the general public budget for all levels of education.

In 2018, the average public expenditure of kindergartens, ordinary primary schools, ordinary junior high schools, ordinary senior high schools, secondary vocational schools and ordinary colleges and universities in the province is:

1. The kindergarten in the whole province is 2129.28 yuan, an increase of 6.90% over the previous year’s 1991.80 yuan. Among them, the rural area was 1783.71 yuan, an increase of 9.47% over the previous year’s 1629.40 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Bozhou has the fastest growth (with an increase of 78.19%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Fuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone has the fastest growth (with an increase of 3246.18%).

2. The average primary school in the province was 2,993.42 yuan, up 1.02% from 2,963.34 yuan in the previous year. Among them, the rural area was 2820.65 yuan, down 3.96% from the previous year’s 2936.87 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Huaibei has the fastest growth (with an increase of 13.93%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Hefei New Station High-tech Industrial Development Zone in Hefei City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 156.43%).

3. The average junior high school in the province is 4,286.68 yuan, up 0.99% from 4,244.80 yuan in the previous year. Among them, the rural area was 4,042.36 yuan, down 4.40% from the previous year’s 4,228.56 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Tongling has the fastest growth (with an increase of 16.81%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone has the fastest growth (with an increase of 170.12%).

4. The average senior high school in the province was 2,476.75 yuan, up 1.41% from 2,442.42 yuan in the previous year. Among them, the rural area was 2462.89 yuan, down 1.62% from the previous year’s 2503.44 yuan. Among the 16 cities, Huaibei has the fastest growth (with an increase of 58.2%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Yi ‘an District of Tongling City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 323.43%).

5. The province’s secondary vocational schools are 5274.26 yuan, up 4.85% from 5030.22 yuan in the previous year. Among the 16 cities, Huainan has the fastest growth (with an increase of 36.00%); Among the counties (cities, districts), Yu ‘an District of Lu ‘an City has the fastest growth (with an increase of 471.39%).

6. The average colleges and universities in the province were 7456.43 yuan, up 10.08% from 6773.80 yuan in the previous year. Among the 16 cities, Tongling has the fastest growth (with an increase of 64.81%).

(five) the proportion of general public budget education funds to general public budget expenditure.

In 2018, the proportion of the province’s general public budget education expenditure to the general public budget expenditure of 657.215 billion yuan was 16.91%, an increase of 0.59 percentage points over the previous year’s 16.32%.

Attachment: Statistics on the implementation of education funds in Anhui Province in 2018

Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Anhui Provincial Bureau of Statistics, Anhui Provincial Department of Finance

November 19, 2019

Scoring standard for unannounced visits to the basic business level of after-sales service in 4S stores 　 Unannounced visit project Supplementary explanation of scoring conditions grading standards Appointment stage Can I make an appointment for maintenance/repair by phone? ① Yes ② No. ① Yes, 4 points ② No, 0 points　 Make an appointment to connect the phone. ① Connect in 10 seconds; ② Connect in more than 10 seconds; ③ Need to dial many times. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points Can I go to the store for maintenance on time after booking? ① Arrive at the store within 10 minutes; ② Wait for 10 minutes -20 minutes; ③ More than 20 minutes. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points Arrival reception stage Command parking when entering the 4S shop. Is there someone to guide parking? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Is there any after-sales consultant to greet you when you enter the maintenance reception room? ① Active reception ② No one cares. ①4 points ②0 points Is the after-sales consultant’s dress uniform ① Uniform dress ② Uneven dress. ①4 points ②0 points Preliminary inspection ① Preliminary inspection of vehicles and communication/confirmation with customers.
② Preliminary inspection but lack of communication with customers.
③ No preliminary examination. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points Are maintenance/repair items determined with the owner before construction? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Does the consultant estimate the maintenance time? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Did you put on the seat cover/steering wheel cover/shift lever cover during the initial inspection? ① Both; ② Incomplete; ③ None. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points Lounge service Does anyone inform or guide the customer to the lounge? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Are there any service personnel in the lounge who offer drinks or food voluntarily? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Can you provide drinks with three temperatures: cold/hot/normal temperature? ① Both; ② Incomplete; ③ None. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points Recreational facilities in the lounge
(Audio-visual/computer Internet access) can be used normally. ① Both.
(2) there is one of them.
③ None. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points Is the identification of in-store area clear? ① Clear ② Unclear ③ No logo. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points Is there a clear division of smoking/non-smoking areas or is it clear whether smoking is allowed? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Will the staff take the initiative to arrange free lunch for customers who have maintenance/repair beyond noon? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points There is an independent customer restaurant. ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Is the toilet hand sanitizer and toilet paper fully equipped? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Maintenance stage Can customers know the progress of maintenance? ① There is a progress display screen ② The service personnel can give a definite answer ③ There is no definite answer. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points In the absence of additional items, is the maintenance time the same as that notified when entering the store? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Car wash after maintenance ① Wash the car ② Wash the car after user’s request ③ Fail to wash the car after user’s request. ①4 points ②2 points ③0 points Do you take the initiative to inform the next maintenance time? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points After the maintenance, do the functions in the car keep the original settings? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points Is there a staff member who takes the initiative to remind and give away a message? ① Yes ② No. ①4 points ②0 points 　 　 　 Out of 100 points

　　BEIJING, Oct. 30 (Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Yiguan) Toothpaste is a necessity in life, but recently many people have found that toothpaste sold in supermarkets is becoming more and more expensive. "I remember that in the past, the most expensive toothpaste was only a dozen or twenty pieces. Now the toothpaste is generally twenty or thirty pieces." Some consumers spit.

　　Why did two or three yuan toothpaste disappear?

　　It costs twenty or thirty yuan, but toothpaste under ten yuan is hard to find.

　　Regarding the rising price of toothpaste, Xiao Ni, a consumer who recently went shopping in the supermarket, has a deep understanding.

　　"Looking around, most of them are toothpaste of twenty or thirty yuan, and the better ones are thirty or forty yuan. The cheapest Crest salt white toothpaste also needs 6.9 yuan, and the price is too outrageous."

　　As Xiao Ni said, recently, Sino-Singapore financial reporters visited a number of supermarkets, and the price of toothpaste was generally above that of 10 yuan. Among them, the range from 15 yuan to 40 yuan was relatively concentrated, and the price of a few brands of toothpaste such as Shushida could reach above 40 yuan, while only two or three models were below 10 yuan.

　　This is also consistent with the data of the offline research of Ai Media Consulting. According to previous research, among the 40 or 50 kinds of toothpaste sold by large supermarkets, the price of a toothpaste is 10-mdash; 20 yuan accounts for 60%, 20 yuan or above accounts for 35%, and there are only two or three kinds below 10 yuan.

　　In addition to the disappearance of low-priced toothpaste on supermarket shelves, many consumers have also found that the price of some toothpaste has doubled.

　　"This cold sour toothpaste is now selling for 7.58 yuan. I remember that it only costs two or three yuan; Chinese toothpaste, which once cost a few dollars, is now ‘ Upgrade ’ Later, it was also sold to 20 yuan. " Xiao Ni mentioned.

　　According to Huaxi Securities Research Report, the average price data of ordinary toothpaste of about 120g released by the National Development and Reform Commission showed that its price increased from 8.38 yuan/box on June 30, 2015 to 10.61 yuan/box on February 28, 2021, and the overall price of the industry showed an upward trend. This also proves that the price increase of toothpaste is not "somatosensory".

　　Why is toothpaste more expensive?

　　Toothpaste, which used to cost tens of dollars, was called "Hermes" in the toothpaste industry. Nowadays, the average person in the toothpaste industry is "Hermes". What caused the toothpaste to become more and more expensive?

　　Many people may consider the cost factor. According to national standards, toothpaste is mainly composed of friction agent, humectant, thickener, foaming agent, fragrance, water and other additives. Although corresponding effective ingredients will be added based on different efficacy, according to published data, the production cost of raw materials is relatively low.

　　Dengkang Dental owns brands such as Lengsuanling, and its prospectus shows that from 2019 to 2021, the unit cost of the company’s adult toothpaste was 1.53 yuan, 1.47 yuan and 1.50 yuan respectively.

　　Screenshot from Dengkang Dental Prospectus.

　　Although the unit cost remained stable, its sales unit price increased year after year, driving the gross profit margin to increase year by year.

　　In this regard, Denkang Dental said that the company has grasped the trend of consumption upgrading, complied with the development direction of diversified demand for toothpaste and high-end products, continuously carried out research and development upgrades on the basis of existing products, and continuously expanded its market share in mid-to high-end adult toothpaste. The unit price of product sales has increased year by year.

　　Denkang’s remarks also unveiled the tip of the iceberg of toothpaste brand collective "momentum".

　　In recent years, toothpaste enterprises are addicted to product upgrading, promoting whitening, anti-allergy, anti-sugar, refreshing breath and other effects by adding enzymes, probiotics, hyaluronic acid, amino acids and other ingredients, and even refining the use scenarios, on the one hand, catering to consumers’ demand for toothpaste functionality, on the other hand, because there is huge profit space behind all kinds of "gimmicks".

　　All along, the toothpaste market is in a fierce competition situation. At one time, the domestic toothpaste market was occupied by two-faced needles and cold acid spirit. Later, foreign-funded enterprises poured in. Under the circumstance of "attacking the city slightly", the industry once fought a price war, coupled with the rising price of raw materials, the gross profit margin continued to decline. The sudden emergence of functional toothpaste such as Yunnan Baiyao has enabled the industry to find a "wealth password".

　　"As a result, toothpaste companies have stopped producing traditional toothpastes that don’t make money and started to focus on functional toothpastes. The pricing of functional toothpastes far exceeds that of traditional toothpastes before, so that many toothpaste manufacturers introduce a new efficacy every once in a while, and then mention a price by the way. In this case, it is a natural trend for toothpaste to become more expensive. " Jiang Yan, a senior researcher at Pangu think tank, believes.

　　With the continuous "upgrade" of products, we still need to make great efforts to carry out marketing, and please all the stars to speak for us. From the research report of toothpaste listed companies, the sales cost of toothpaste has been rising all the way. These marketing costs ultimately require consumers to "pay the bill".

　　Can you still buy cheap toothpaste?

　　During the reporter’s visit to the supermarket, a male customer was shopping for toothpaste. After looking at the price, he chose the favorite one between the two toothpaste with the lowest price. At the same time, the reporter noticed that the special price of Shuke baking soda toothpaste in 10 yuan in a supermarket in Beijing was sold to only one.

　　The demand for low-priced toothpaste is still strong. Nowadays, the price of toothpaste is tens of yuan, which also makes many netizens miss the days when they bought a toothpaste for two or three yuan. Where did the cheap toothpaste go?

　　The reporter’s online search found that domestic old-fashioned toothpastes such as Baiyu and Tianqi are still on sale, and the price of a single one is mostly below 10 yuan; A Crest toothpaste with strong roots and strong teeth is sold at a high price only in 4.5 yuan. In addition, some unknown brands of toothpaste are also cheaper.

　　People who stay in the hotel will find that toothpaste, such as double-sided needles, which we are familiar with, frequently appears in disposable articles in the hotel. But these low-priced products are hard to appear on supermarket shelves.

　　Jiang Han said that for most supermarkets, the cost of each shelf is basically fixed, and the cost of selling various toothpaste products is similar. Therefore, toothpaste with higher profit level is often more attractive to supermarkets, and more and more supermarkets tend to sell high-priced toothpaste.

　　Xiao Ni once mentioned that low-priced toothpaste is mostly displayed on the lower shelf. This is also consistent with what the reporter observed in some supermarkets.

　　With the increasing "efficacy" of toothpaste, the publicity is increasingly "cosmetic" and the industry supervision is also improving.

　　The Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Toothpaste issued by the State Administration of Market Supervision this year clearly stipulates that toothpaste shall be put on record, and the toothpaste filer shall be responsible for the quality, safety and efficacy of toothpaste. In the industry’s view, after the implementation of the "Measures", it may be possible to publicize the efficacy of various toothpastes to "lower the fire". (End)

The administrative offices of the Union, the Municipal People’s Government, the relevant commissions, offices, departments and bureaus of the autonomous region, and major enterprises and institutions:

　　Promoting the implementation of quality education in primary and secondary schools is an urgent task of basic education at present. According to the requirements of the state to promote quality education in primary and secondary schools, combined with the actual situation in our region, the following implementation opinions are put forward.

　　First, raise awareness and clarify the direction and thinking of promoting quality education.

　　(1) Promoting the implementation of quality education in primary and secondary schools is the requirement of the development of the times, the need to implement the "two strategies" and the necessity of educational reform and development. Leaders of governments at all levels, education administrative departments and faculty members must understand its necessity, arduousness and long-term, and enhance their sense of responsibility and urgency.

　　Our region belongs to remote minority areas. Since the reform and opening up, although the economy has made great progress and the society has made great progress, it is still lagging behind the developed areas. This situation is naturally related to historical reasons, but the relatively low quality of the population is an important factor causing economic backwardness. With the popularization of compulsory education, what kind of basic education to run and how to make basic education adapt to the needs of economic construction and social development in our region are a major issue facing governments and education departments at all levels. In the past few decades, the basic education in our region has been greatly developed and achieved great results. At the same time, it is undeniable that the tendency of "exam-oriented education" exists like a stubborn disease, which always puzzles us to fully implement the educational policy, affects the cultivation of high-quality talents adapting to economic construction and social development, and affects the realization of the talent training strategy facing the 21 ST century. It has become a top priority to fully implement quality education in basic education.

　　(2) To promote the implementation of quality education, we must break through the traditional and outdated educational ideas and models and create a quality education model, that is, "to achieve the goals stipulated in the educational policy, focus on the requirements of the educated groups and social development, take all students as the fundamental purpose, and comprehensively improve their basic quality, and pay attention to the development of education."

　　The potential of the students can promote the lively development of the educated in all aspects of morality, intelligence and physique

　　Education as the basic feature. " To create a model of quality education, we must first change the concept of education, establish a correct concept of education, talent and quality, and run through the whole process of promoting the implementation of quality education. The decisions and measures made by governments at all levels, education administrative departments and primary and secondary schools should conform to the laws and regulations promulgated by the state and the requirements of promoting quality education, and should always take changing ideas as the premise of promoting quality education. In the future, all kinds of inspection and evaluation conducted by superiors to subordinates should first examine whether the educational concept has changed, whether the educational ideas have been updated, whether the educational process conforms to the educational laws and whether it meets the requirements of implementing quality education; The evaluation, promotion, promotion and reward of principals and teachers mainly depends on whether the awareness of implementing quality education is enhanced, whether the attitude of promoting it is positive, whether the process of education and teaching is optimized and whether the effect is remarkable.

　　(3) Changing ideas requires creating a good atmosphere of public opinion. All public opinion propaganda departments should vigorously publicize the spirit of the national quality education experience exchange meeting in primary and secondary schools, publicize scientific and advanced educational ideas and advanced deeds and experiences in implementing quality education. Education departments at all levels and schools at all levels should carry out great learning, discussion and publicity on the implementation of quality education, and gradually expand this activity to all walks of life, so that the implementation of quality education is well known to everyone. Learning and publicity should take the relevant requirements of the country and the experience of advanced regions as the content, and study the important topic of how to cultivate high-quality talents in our region to meet the challenges of the 21 ST century in combination with reality.

　　In order to promote university studies, discussion and publicity, governments at all levels and education administrative departments should organize training courses for implementing quality education at different levels in a planned way, cultivate backbones and promote the overall situation. The Education Department of the Autonomous Region shall compile a publicity outline and distribute relevant materials to all localities for reference.

　　(IV) In promoting the implementation of quality education in primary and secondary schools in our region, we must take the relevant national policies and requirements as the basis, proceed from our local conditions, adhere to the principle of emancipating our minds and seeking truth from facts, and adhere to the principle of "all-round development, overall planning, regional promotion, classified guidance, key breakthroughs, grasping points and areas, and steady improvement" to make the promotion work both vivid and solid. Resolutely oppose the wrong practices of fraud and formalism.

　　Second, strive to create conditions to promote the implementation of quality education

　　(1) Popularizing nine-year compulsory education according to law is the basis of implementing quality education. According to the Compulsory Education Law, facing all means not only facing every student at school, but also facing all school-age children and adolescents and improving the quality of the whole nation.

　　The "top priority" position of the "Nine-Year Plan" cannot be shaken. Areas that have been "popularized nine years" should be carried out to implement quality education.

　　To comprehensively consolidate and improve the work for the center, further improve the conditions for running schools, reduce the dropout rate, and improve the qualified rate and completion rate. It is necessary to put changing the appearance of weak schools in a prominent position, and strive to achieve a relatively balanced condition for running primary and secondary schools in urban areas in three to five years, and basically solve the problem of choosing students for compulsory education. We should actively promote the reform of the academic system, and make a transition from the "May 3rd" and "June 3rd" academic system to the "May 4th" or "Nine-year consistent system" according to local conditions. It is necessary to implement the Ninth Five-Year Plan for Compulsory Education for Disabled Children and Adolescents. In areas that have not completed the Nine-Year Plan, we must adhere to the principle of "being proactive and seeking truth from facts" and reach the standard of the Nine-Year Plan as scheduled, so that school-age children and adolescents can "get in, stay and learn well" to the maximum extent. At the same time, we should attach importance to promoting the implementation of quality education throughout the whole process of "Nine-Year Plan".

　　(2) The quality of principals and teachers is the foundation of promoting the implementation of quality education, and the training work must be strengthened and improved. We should continue to do a good job in on-the-job training and continuing education for principals and teachers, and further improve teachers’ political, professional and professional ethics. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness and actions of principals in implementing quality education, and pay attention to the scientificity and effectiveness of promoting quality education. Those who are not enterprising, stick to the rules, or even run counter to the implementation of quality education, the competent authorities should take decisive measures of "changing people without changing their minds". Teachers’ colleges should take the lead in implementing quality education and must take serving primary and secondary schools as their school purpose. All localities should conscientiously implement the spirit of the document issued by the regional normal education work conference.

　　(3) Actively developing vocational education and adult education is not only of great significance to building an overpass for talent growth, but also plays an irreplaceable role in alleviating the increasingly fierce competition for further studies in basic education. All regions must conscientiously implement the spirit of the document issued by the regional vocational education work conference, and at the same time intensify the reform of the running mode of ordinary high schools, and strive to build a new pattern of mutual connection, communication and harmonious development of basic education, vocational education and adult education that adapt to the local economic construction.

　　(4) Establish an advanced model for implementing quality education and popularize successful experiences. Dabagou Middle School is a typical example of basic education reform in rural and pastoral areas of our region. Governments at all levels and education administrative departments must proceed from reality, actively implement the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the Party Committee and the General Office of the Government of the Autonomous Region on Vigorously Popularizing the Experience of Running a School in Dabagou Middle School (No.43 [1996] of the Inner Party Office), learn their guiding ideology of "Dont Ask For Help people pursue higher education, but strive for everyone to become useful", promote quality education in primary and secondary schools, and effectively turn the direction of running a school to the track of facing the needs of local economic and social development and cultivating applicable talents.

　　(5) Carry out educational scientific research extensively, give full play to the leading role of theory, change the traditional way of making educational decisions by experience, and strive to build a "two-wheel drive" operation mechanism between educational scientific research and administration. Educational and scientific research departments, teaching and research departments, normal universities and colleges of education should, under the leadership of administrative departments, focus on promoting the implementation of quality education, determine topics and carefully organize research. Education administrative departments and units should give support in terms of funds, personnel and office conditions; Those scientific research achievements that are worth popularizing should be popularized in time and rewarded according to their actual effects.

　　Third, standardize education and teaching behavior and deepen education and teaching reform

　　(A) education and teaching activities, especially classroom teaching is the main channel to implement quality education. Only through this channel can the conditions for running a school and some safeguard measures play their role. The achievements of basic education are largely reflected from this channel; The influence of "exam-oriented education" is also exposed from this channel to a great extent. Deepening the reform of education and teaching and optimizing the teaching process are the core of implementing quality education, and also the main direction and difficulty of implementing quality education. This requires us to be good at summing up the past, be brave in opening up the future, and make breakthroughs and progress in reform with perseverance and indomitable spirit.

　　To deepen the reform of education and teaching, we should start with the normative behavior that should be done and can be done within education, and gradually optimize the education and teaching process. The goal of reform is to improve the quality and efficiency of education and teaching. Teaching as the center can not be shaken, and the improvement of teaching quality can not be shaken. The "quality" here refers to the overall knowledge and ability of students and the comprehensive quality of moral, intellectual and physical education. The way and method of improvement is to mobilize students’ enthusiasm and make them develop actively and vividly on the premise of running every primary and secondary school well and facing every student.

　　In order to implement this work, we hereby reaffirm and standardize the following educational and teaching behaviors. In violation of the provisions, the administrative department of education should severely punish schools, units and individuals; Anyone who hangs an honorary plaque awarded by the administrative department of education or receives other awards shall be notified of revocation, and no award shall be made within three years.

　　-We should conscientiously implement the "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Schools", the relevant laws and regulations of the State and the spirit of a series of documents issued by the State Education Commission, pay special attention to moral education with patriotism education as the main line and "five loves" education and civilized behavior education as the basis, and work hard on the effectiveness of moral education. The critical comments on students in the reform of compulsory education section are positive and encouraging comments. Corporal punishment, disguised corporal punishment and insulting students are strictly prohibited.

　　-It is necessary to fully implement the curriculum plan and program, implement the Opinions of the State Education Commission on Promoting the Implementation of Quality Education, Adjusting the Teaching Contents of Primary and Secondary Schools, and Strengthening the Management of Teaching Process (J.J. [1998] No.1), and strive to establish a curriculum textbook system that is suitable for quality education. Every primary and secondary school should offer full courses and full class hours (including compulsory courses, elective courses and activity classes). In particular, we should strengthen the construction of weak subjects such as music, physical education, aesthetics, labor and activity classes, attach importance to social practice and experimental teaching, and work hard to cultivate students’ practical ability, problem-solving ability and productivity to adapt to social life. According to the relevant spirit of the State Education Commission, we should improve the construction of local teaching materials.

　　-We should develop students’ potential, give full play to their intelligence, cultivate their interests, and develop their creative thinking by establishing characteristic schools and carrying out various interest activities, so that students can get all-round and full development.

　　-students’ school activities, homework assignments and examination times must be strictly controlled according to the regulations of the state and the autonomous region. It is strictly forbidden to use holidays to make up lessons or take new lessons for students collectively. Reform the examination and assessment system in schools.

　　-resolutely prohibit the indiscriminate compilation, printing and use of review materials, and earnestly strengthen the management of books used in primary and secondary schools.

　　-It is necessary to enliven teaching research, popularize advanced teaching methods and modern teaching means, and improve classroom efficiency.

　　-Model schools and experimental schools of compulsory education at the autonomous region level should start from each class, actively explore teaching models that are suitable for quality education, and truly play an exemplary role in promoting the implementation of quality education.

　　(2) We should conscientiously implement the management regulations of junior high schools and primary schools and the Basic Requirements for Regular Management of Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (for Trial Implementation), and strive for standardized and scientific school management. We should continue to carry out the activities of establishing compulsory education demonstration schools, experimental schools, advanced management schools in ordinary high schools and demonstration ordinary high schools, so as to promote the construction by evaluation and strive to improve the overall management level of primary and secondary schools.

　　Four, the establishment of control mechanism, reform the entrance examination system and evaluation system.

　　The entrance examination system and evaluation system play an important guiding role. The influence of "exam-oriented education" is difficult to eliminate, which is closely related to the disadvantages of the existing enrollment examination system and evaluation system. Reform must first make a big breakthrough in this respect. The idea of reform is to downplay the examination competition and score consciousness, and change the evaluation of schools, teachers and students mainly based on the enrollment rate and examination scores into a comprehensive evaluation according to the requirements of quality education.

　　-Primary schools should be admitted without examination.

　　-areas that have been "nine-year compulsory education" will make primary school graduates go straight to junior high school without examination as soon as possible; Areas that have not completed the Nine-Year Plan should actively create conditions to meet this requirement by the year 2000.

　　-reform the entrance examination system for ordinary senior high schools, and change the single examination selection into an entrance examination system combining examination selection with the evaluation of junior high school running level.

　　-The graduation examination system of ordinary senior high schools should be further reformed and improved in the direction of adapting to the reform of the school-running model of senior high schools. Junior high school does not implement the examination system.

　　-implement the national policy on the reform of the college entrance examination system, adjust the admission ratio of previous graduates in our district, and gradually make fresh graduates account for the majority of the total admission.

　　-Except for the senior high school entrance examination, senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination, it is not allowed to take any form of unified examination at or above the county level (city, district), and violators will be held accountable.

　　-It will take about two years to establish an evaluation system of "grade+comment+specialty" for students and a comprehensive evaluation system for schools and teachers according to the requirements of implementing quality education.

　　-Strengthen the construction of cadres and supervisory teams in the front line of basic education, and establish and improve the supervision and evaluation system for the implementation of quality education and the corresponding reward and punishment system.

　　Five, strengthen leadership and strive to create a good environment for the implementation of quality education.

　　(A) promoting the implementation of quality education is a government act. Strengthening the leadership of governments at all levels is the key to implementing quality education. Governments at all levels must know, act and invest in teaching according to law. We should take the lead in studying and implementing the relevant requirements of the state to promote quality education in primary and secondary schools, and formulate plans or programs to promote the implementation of quality education in light of the actual situation in the region. It is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of finance, personnel, labor, planning, industry and commerce, taxation, prices, public security, justice, culture, health, press and publication, youth league committees, women’s federations, associations for science and technology and other relevant departments and even families. The main leaders should personally grasp them and be in charge of the leadership. It is necessary to make overall coordination and overall linkage, so that the plan or scheme can be implemented. All Union cities and counties (cities, districts) should select a number of experimental areas with counties (cities, districts) or villages and towns as units, adopt the methods of leading several major teams or establishing contact systems, guide them to carry out pilot experiments on relevant reforms, sum up and popularize successful experiences, and guide them to make steady progress. It is necessary to mobilize all forces, implement various fund-raising policies, give full play to the role of various propaganda and public opinion departments, and intensify the creation of conditions for implementing quality education and publicity work. Resolutely put an end to the government’s wrong practices and behaviors of giving education departments or schools entrance examination indicators and evaluating school work with the entrance examination rate as the standard. In the future, once such behavior is discovered, the Education Department of the autonomous region will inform the whole region and veto the government’s achievements in education that year.

　　(2) Leaders of education administrative departments at all levels should first change their ideas, make suggestions for government leaders, and be good assistants and staff officers. At the same time, we should take the lead in standardizing the decision-making, command and guidance of this department with the requirements of implementing quality education. It must be clear that promoting the implementation of quality education is the overall work of the whole education front. The top leaders should take command personally, unify the understanding of all personnel in their own units with the opinions of the state and the autonomous region as soon as possible, determine the responsibilities of various departments, and form a situation of internal cooperation to guide and promote local work.

　　(3) In order to promote the smooth implementation of quality education in primary and secondary schools in our region, the Education Department of the Autonomous Region will issue a series of supporting documents on strengthening the construction of weak schools, the construction of principals and teachers, education and scientific research, and the evaluation of schools to teachers and students, and determine several experimental areas with counties (cities, districts) as units to guide the work of the whole region. With the deepening of reform, the autonomous region will also formulate evaluation criteria for promoting quality education in primary and secondary schools in the Union City, and gradually carry out the evaluation of superiors to subordinates. The evaluation results will be an important part of the evaluation of the achievements of the Union City.

　　April 1, 1998

Jing Jing Xin Fa [2024] No.22

All relevant units:

　　The "Beijing Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of Information Software Industry Innovation and Development Highland" is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

Beijing Bureau of Economy and Information Technology　　　　

April 19, 2024　　

　　(This piece is publicly released)

Beijing’s Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of Information Software Industry to Innovate and Develop Highlands

　　At present, the big model of artificial intelligence and the dual-core drive of new production factors of data, combined with multiple factors such as Internet technology innovation, the emergence of new hardware iterations, and the close integration of finance and information, jointly promote the reshaping of the global information software industry. In order to seize the opportunity of industrial transformation and accelerate the construction of a highland for innovation and development of the information software industry, this action plan is formulated.

　　I. General requirements

　　Accurately grasp the development trend of the information software industry, adhere to the comprehensive system concept, take the global competition as the guide, fully embrace the big model, ensure the safety of the industrial chain, seize the development opportunities of new formats, build a new data-driven mechanism, strengthen international expansion, promote regional synergy, create an open and inclusive new situation of high-quality development of the information software industry, and strongly support the construction of a global digital economy benchmark city.

　　Innovation leads. Take technological innovation as the starting point of high-quality industrial development, give full play to the leading role of disruptive technologies and cutting-edge innovations in new industries, new formats, new products and new models, and accelerate iteration to form new quality productivity of information software industry.

　　Prospective layout. Facing the future, lay out the key nodes of the information software industry, strengthen the overall judgment of the global industrial development trend, identify the key technologies that may cause industrial changes, clarify the strategic objectives, key areas and key paths of industrial development, appropriately lay out industrial infrastructure in advance, and do a good job in industrial risk assessment.

　　High-end intelligence. Continuously improve the technical level of the industry, iteratively optimize the service value, and promote the industry to continue to move towards the high-end link of the value chain. We will continue to promote the high-end intelligent development of the industry, use information software technology to empower the manufacturing industry to "change intelligence into digital transformation", promote the supply of high-quality digital consumption, and effectively improve the level of industrial intelligence.

　　Data driven. Promote the application of data elements and industrialization, and improve data development tools and infrastructure. Explore the data entry mechanism to form a closed loop of data production and consumption. Use data to improve the level of intelligence in the industry, promote a substantial increase in production efficiency, and optimize social governance capabilities.

　　Global governance. Integrate into the innovation and application ecology of the global information software industry, adhere to the principle of improving science and technology, consolidate the industrial safety base, explore the governance and supervision system suitable for emerging technologies, actively participate in international open source governance, and comprehensively shape the expected stable and good innovation environment.

　　Second, the main objectives

　　By 2027, the operating income of Beijing’s information software industry will reach 4.8 trillion yuan. There are not less than 4 information software enterprises with a level of 100 billion and not less than 35 information software enterprises with a level of 10 billion. Cultivate world-class information software enterprises and build an internationally competitive information software industry cluster.

　　-The applied ecology of large-scale models has taken initial shape. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) technology has reached the international leading level, and about 20 internationally competitive software Agents and industry models have been formed in 10 fields, including education, medical care, science and technology, culture, finance, telecommunications, transportation, automobiles, semiconductors and urban governance, and agent and industry model application stores have been built. Build the leading cloud computing infrastructure of model as a service in China. Set up about 10 artificial intelligence scene application laboratories and build an artificial intelligence open source community with extensive participation of international developers.

　　-comprehensive reconstruction of key software. Basic software, industrial software and network security software are upgraded by using large models. The performance of key products has reached the international advanced level, and the user experience has been significantly improved. 30% of key software enterprises above designated size launch software products that integrate large model capabilities, and key software enterprises introduce large model-aided programming development paradigm.

　　-New software formats have emerged. The layout adapts to new hardware products such as body intelligence, XR head display, vehicle terminal, intelligent computer (AIPC) and key software of the terminal. Cultivate more than 10 enterprises with revenues exceeding 1 billion yuan in the field of digital people, digital space and digital goods, and create about 10 information consumption experience points such as business districts, blocks, cultural attractions and stadiums in the meta-universe.

　　-data governance capabilities have improved. Explore several new formats, cultivate more than 1,000 models and 100 service providers, promote the integration of several products into the manufacturing process, and build several production bases in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

　　-the global competitiveness of the industry has been significantly improved. Cultivate more than 50 overseas software explosions in cross-border e-commerce, short videos, games and other fields, and promote Beijing enterprises to participate in the construction of global information projects. Promote Beijing enterprises to join international open source organizations, contribute about 10 world-renowned open source software, and cultivate more than 20 benchmark enterprises for commercial R&D of open source projects.

　　Third, key tasks

　　(A) fully embrace the big model

　　1. Cultivate large-scale model application ecology

　　Improve the theoretical research and engineering capabilities of large models, explore the cutting-edge technologies of artificial general intelligence (AGI), and support large model tools such as content generation (AIGC), retrieval enhanced generation (RAG), content security identification of artificial intelligence, deep learning framework, vector database, and artificial intelligence-aided programming. Build a large model native software application store, including agents and industry models in education, medical care, science and technology, culture, finance, telecommunications, transportation, automobiles, semiconductors, urban governance and other fields. Build a large-scale model safety shooting range, and organize the establishment of a large-scale model performance and safety rating and evaluation mechanism.

　　2. Building a model as a service cloud computing infrastructure

　　Encourage enterprises to build a service cloud computing platform that covers the functions of model selection, code hosting, data supply, parameter fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, prompt engineering, semantic engineering, model deployment, operation monitoring, model governance, model security, etc. Support cloud computing platforms to carry out business docking with user units, and promote government platforms such as Jingtong, Beijing Office and Jingzhi to adopt large-scale cloud computing services. With the goal of building a single Wanka intelligent computing center, the key technologies of cloud computing, such as computing chip, high-performance communication, scheduling system and container arrangement, are organized to master the ability of super-large-scale artificial intelligence infrastructure construction.

　　3. Promote the landing of large model scenes

　　Support the construction of artificial intelligence scene application laboratories in the fields of education, medical care, science and technology, culture, finance, government affairs, industry, energy, biomedicine, etc., and create demonstration scene landing projects. Encourage primary and secondary schools to connect with large model enterprises, train teachers’ vertical models and agent applications around specific subjects, provide students with personalized, high-quality, low-cost and convenient auxiliary teaching services, and reduce teachers’ teaching workload. Strengthen the collaborative innovation of general large model and medical vertical model, and explore the auxiliary diagnosis ability of artificial intelligence for professional diseases in specialized hospitals; Using internet hospitals to explore large-scale model guidance and consultation services. Set up a large model to assist scientific research projects of basic disciplines, and lay out the research system of AI for Science. Relying on the strategy of cultural digitalization, the technology of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AIGC) is used to improve the efficiency of digital innovation of cultural products. Promote large-scale models to improve the performance of financial technology and strengthen the ability of safety supervision. Provide convenient government services such as policy interpretation, rule consultation, work guide and official document writing based on big model technology. Using the large model to continuously optimize the robot’s ability to handle complex tasks, and promote the deep integration of robot and intelligent large model with body. Support the development of small and medium-sized enterprise model training, study tours and other activities.

　　(2) Build a solid foundation for key technologies.

　　4. Improve the quality of basic software

　　Encourage leading enterprises and management departments in the industry to be the chain owners of the industrial chain, and optimize the performance of basic software such as operating system, database and middleware by using the method of chain owners giving questions and enterprises answering questions. Accelerate the iterative efficiency of basic software, promote the new paradigm of large model-aided programming, support enterprises to use large models to develop software tools such as software and hardware adaptation, code migration, operation and maintenance management, and low-code development, and build a research and development system for the safe linkage between large model public cloud and enterprise private domain code base. Improve the usability of basic software, seize the new track of large model based on domestic operating system, and encourage the layout to develop artificial intelligence native software such as intelligent operating system, intelligent assistant, intelligent office and intelligent entertainment. Support domestic enterprises to cooperate with international leading large-scale model and basic software enterprises, promote technology linkage, accelerate product innovation, and achieve a win-win situation in the industry.

　　5. Consolidate the foundation of industrial software

　　Accelerate the convergence of industrial software data, promote the intelligent upgrade of industry users and manufacturing enterprises, promote the deepening application of industrial Internet, and accelerate the automatic data collection. Support the transformation of massive and fragmented industrial knowledge and experience into industrial software models and cultivate industrial knowledge processing enterprises. Strengthen the collaborative research and development of industrial software, support Beijing industrial software enterprises to tackle key problems in pairs with global industry users, and redevelop industrial software such as industrial operating system, CAD, CAE, EDA, PLC, DCS, ERP, PDM, MOM, PLM by using big model technology.

　　6. Tackling new network security software

　　Support the establishment of a large-scale network security laboratory, tackle key problems of artificial intelligence full-stack network software and systems, actively respond to new threats such as large-scale production viruses and ransomware, and improve the automation level and traceability of actual combat attack and defense. Strengthen the offensive and defensive drills of key information infrastructures such as finance, telecommunications and energy. Build an open source security detection platform for Xinchuang, and carry out security risk detection for Xinchuang products and open source codes. Promote the preparation of network security standards for new hardware terminal equipment such as self-driving cars and industrial equipment. Organize cyber security attack and defense competitions to attract internationally renowned cyber security events to be held in Beijing. Carry out network security insurance pilots to guide users to purchase independent innovation network security software.

　　(C) seize the opportunity to cultivate new formats

　　7. Layout new software with software and hardware cooperation.

　　For new terminals such as personal intelligence, XR equipment, intelligent computers, vehicle-mounted terminals, and Internet of Things equipment, we will guide the collaborative innovation of software and hardware. Forward-looking layout with intelligence, strengthen the docking of artificial intelligence enterprises with robots and major equipment manufacturing enterprises. The key technologies, such as space computing and content rendering, are organized by the way of equipment manufacturers issuing questions and enterprises revealing lists. Take the head PC manufacturer as the chain owner, promote the innovation of chip instruction set, promote the adaptation and optimization of new chips, motherboards and other hardware, and support the research and development of new software such as agent operating system and PC-side intelligent applications. Organize car companies and information software companies to tackle key problems in pairs, strengthen the integration and innovation of car-level chips, on-board software and large-scale model technology, promote the landing of autonomous driving middleware, accelerate the boarding of intelligent interface software, and develop large-scale model development tools for car software. Establish technical standards for interconnection of IOT devices, support the open source of the underlying IOT operating system, and develop software middleware by combining high-end sensors, IOT chips, new short-distance communication, high-precision positioning and other devices. Plan and organize research on the operating system kernel, compiler and other underlying software of RISC-V chip in advance to realize the synchronization of chip development and software iteration.

　　8. Develop new Internet 3.0 formats.

　　Relying on the industrial innovation center and other institutions to issue cross-platform and cross-terminal digital content interconnection technical standards, digital content such as digital people and digital goods can be reused and re-created between different platforms such as the virtual space of the meta-universe and XR terminals. Establish a service platform for digital people, explore the rules of digital people’s application, circulation, transaction and copyright protection, carry out classification and evaluation of digital people, and build a digital content warehouse with rich quantity and good circulation. Support around the light field, moving capture, XR studio and other large-scale devices and equipment, supporting the functions of deposit, display, new product release, investment and financing, building an Internet 3.0 enterprise innovation incubator cluster and building a benchmark digital human base. Encourage the use of metacosmic technology to enhance the service experience of offline places such as business districts, scenic spots, museums, sports venues and industrial sites, and adopt the model of "front store and back factory" to cultivate a number of content creation enterprises around the offline metacosmic experience scene. Encourage leading enterprises in sub-sectors such as electronics, automobiles, petrochemicals, aviation, metallurgy and urban construction to take the lead in exploring industrial metacosmic solutions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

　　9. Improve the governance capacity of the Internet platform.

　　Promote the steady development of the Internet platform, promote the improvement of science and technology, protect users’ privacy, and create a good environment for innovation. Support platform enterprises to give full play to their technological advantages and carry out hard science and technology innovation for key software and emerging fields. Optimize the coordination mechanism of management departments, and strengthen the exploration, trial, pilot verification and popularization of new technologies and new formats. Explore the construction of a domestic "regulatory sandbox" environment and build a data flow regulatory sandbox.

　　(D) Explore new data-driven mechanisms

　　10. Foresight leads several innovations.

　　Several pieces are new software based on data independent decision-making. Strengthen the insight and judgment on the new form of data application, and actively explore several standards, development processes, safety specifications and quality evaluation systems. Encourage Beijing’s data-dominant industries such as education, medical care, scientific research, culture and finance, as well as key manufacturing industries such as electronics, automobiles, equipment, biomedicine and materials, and process data such as industry knowledge, expert experience and industrial mechanism models into several pieces through large-scale model training and software programming. Encourage research on data identification and compliance technologies such as data consanguinity analysis and automatic content identification (ACR). Build several cloud service platforms covering several functions such as distribution, code management, online simulation verification and security vulnerability scanning.

　　11. Cultivate several pieces of applied ecology.

　　Support the research and development of several underlying systems for industry scenarios, accelerate the integration of several pieces into the production process, promote the digitalization and intelligent upgrade of the production process, and realize flexible production mode. Mining several application cases in the fields of education, medical care, scientific research, culture, finance and manufacturing. Strengthen the convergence of several cities, build a city-wide awareness communication network, and build a city-level data production network system with global influence. Encourage traditional software enterprises and system integrators to transform into several pieces of service providers, cultivate a group of technical and service-oriented data service enterprises with international vision, and build several pieces of production bases in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　(V) Promoting the global distribution of China software.

　　12. Support domestic software to go international.

　　Encourage the internationalization of software, adopt overseas market classification strategy, deploy cross-border internet applications such as e-commerce, short plays, videos and games in Europe, America and Southeast Asia, and export overall information solutions to Europe and Asia. Organize information software enterprises to cooperate with cross-border cloud computing service providers and internet platforms to reduce the cost and technical threshold for enterprises to go to sea. Encourage enterprises to build overseas R&D centers and public service platforms. Relying on professional organizations and alliances, we will improve the cross-border consulting service system and actively provide services such as laws and regulations, cross-border payment, data security, privacy protection, market access, overseas market environment assessment, and market risk early warning. With the help of overseas exchange platforms such as the global digital economy conference, we will promote domestic high-quality software. Explore the establishment of software industry incubation bases and industrial investment funds with international sister cities. Continue to optimize the network environment, strengthen technical exchanges at home and abroad, and explore the cross-border flow of data.

　　13. Participate in global open source governance.

　　Strengthen cooperation and exchanges with international open source organizations, encourage enterprises, institutions and experts to participate in global open source organizations, attract internationally renowned open source activities and conferences to Beijing, and cultivate professional domestic open source community operation teams. Encourage leading enterprises to release full-stack open source solutions covering basic software, application software and hardware facilities. Support enterprises to carry out commercial secondary development around open source software and cultivate open source software commercialization enterprises. Use blockchain, smart contracts and other technologies to explore a new revenue sharing mechanism for open source software and attract global talents to participate in Beijing’s open source solution innovation. Strengthen the protection of open source intellectual property rights, promote the formulation of software bill of materials (SBOM) standards, and develop software tools such as traceability, quality control and safety analysis of open source software. Promote open source products and activities into the campus.

　　(VI) Deepening inter-regional coordination and linkage.

　　14. Continue to strengthen cooperation between the central and local governments.

　　Strengthen cooperation between ministries and cities, and actively strive for major national software tasks, projects and projects to land in Beijing. Give full play to the respective advantages of central enterprises and local governments, promote regional coordinated development, implement major regional strategies, support large and medium-sized central enterprises as the main enterprises in the industrial chain, actively open their own scenarios, and jointly promote the iterative upgrade of the whole chain of software in sub-sectors with information software enterprises.

　　15. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

　　Expand the information software industry sector in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and build an emerging software industry ecosystem with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cooperation around new software fields such as large models and several pieces. Improve the supply level of network security capabilities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and promote the construction of network security industry clusters. Relying on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Industrial Internet Collaborative Development Demonstration Zone, we will accelerate the innovation and development of industrial Internet and build a demonstration project for the integration and development of industrial Internet. Actively deploy the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Digital Transformation Promotion Center to promote the digital transformation and high-quality development of key industries in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　Fourth, safeguard measures

　　(A) to strengthen overall coordination

　　Establish a joint working mechanism with the participation of relevant municipal departments and district governments, coordinate and solve major problems across fields, departments and regions, increase the promotion of major projects, and refine the task list and time nodes. Invite leaders of head enterprises, research institutes and think tank experts to set up software industry think tanks. Give play to the role of industry associations and industry alliances as bridges and ties, and promote all parties concerned to build consensus and strengthen joint efforts.

　　(2) Do a good job in ensuring talent funds.

　　Actively introduce leading software talents at home and abroad. Relying on the institutions in Beijing, such as the characteristic model software college, the State Key Laboratory, the National Manufacturing Innovation Center, and the Engineering Research Center, we will promote the integration of production and education, science and education, and accelerate the training of talents such as large models, key software, and software internationalization. Make good use of the information industry development fund, focusing on industrial internet, network security and innovation, Beidou, Internet 3.0 and other fields. Strengthen the cultivation of waist enterprises, encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to actively integrate into the development of sub-industrial chains, and support unicorn enterprises, single champion enterprises and "little giant" enterprises specializing in special innovation in the software field to be listed on the New Third Board and the North Stock Exchange.

　　(C) Optimize the industrial spatial layout

　　Support Zhongguancun Software Park to continue to build a national software park benchmark, and promote Xinchuang Park in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone to create a national software park. Promote the construction of a national cyber security industrial park and build a cyber security barrier. Strive for a national data security industrial park and improve the supply capacity of the data security industry. Construction of "Industrial Internet, Shunyi District, Haidian District, Chaoyang District, Shijingshan District, Beijing" national new industrialized industrial demonstration base. Create "maliandao Tea China Data Street" and build a highland of data industry. Accelerate the cultivation of digital people industry and do a good job in the operation of digital people innovation base. Strive for a national-level meta-cosmic industry pilot zone and explore the construction of an Internet 3.0 demonstration zone.

　　CCTV News:This year, the number of college graduates nationwide reached 9.09 million, a record high. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that it should improve the quality of employment services, strengthen key assistance, provide good services for college graduates, undertake various measures to ensure employment, and vigorously support graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship. According to the survey of Young People’s New Career Guide, more than 50% of young people want to try a new career, and nearly 20% have started to engage in related occupations. In the graduation season, what role does the new occupation play in attracting college students’ employment? Come and watch the news observation.

　　The data shows that there are 9.09 million college graduates nationwide this year, an increase of 350,000 over last year, reaching a new record high. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that it will continue to take a number of measures to implement the "package office" for graduate employment policy, speed up the implementation of social security subsidies, training subsidies and other policies, and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to absorb more graduates’ employment.

　　In March this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other three departments jointly released 18 new jobs, including integrated circuit engineering and technical personnel, enterprise compliance engineer and beverage mixer. At present, 56 new occupations have been announced in China, including a number of new occupations with high technical content and high skill requirements brought about by the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, such as industrial robot system operators, quantum algorithm engineer, etc., as well as digital managers, all-media operators, internet marketers and so on.

　　The popularity of new formats such as short video, live broadcast and online retail has also spawned a large number of entrepreneurial employment opportunities, indirectly driving a variety of new employment forms in the upstream and downstream industrial chains. A social media platform drives more than 36 million direct and indirect employment opportunities a year.

　　The employment prospects of new occupations are broad. The Development Report of Online Learning Platform for New Occupations issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shows that the demand for new occupations is huge in the next five years. It is estimated that there will be nearly 1.5 million cloud computing engineers, nearly 5 million Internet of Things installers, nearly 1 million drone drivers, nearly 1.5 million agricultural managers, nearly 5 million artificial intelligence talents, nearly 1.3 million building information model technicians, and 1.25 million industrial robot system operators and operators.

　　Research shows that "post-80s" and "post-90s" are the main force of new occupations. Experts say that it is very important to strengthen skills training in order to make new careers a new stage for college students to choose jobs. In July, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security launched the "Online Learning Platform for New Occupations Version 3.0", and recently announced that "Skills China Action" will be organized during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, and efforts will be made to increase skilled talents.